高密种植是目前实现夏玉米高产的一种途径，但是其存在很多问题，例如群体结构不合理、籽粒灌浆不充分等。为了验证在高密种植条件下调整株距能否改善夏玉米籽粒灌浆和产量，在中国农业大学吴桥实验站进行了两年大田试验。本研究是在密度为82 500株?hm-2的前提下，通过一穴多株种植方式来调整株距。设置3个处理：CK一穴一株（P1）、一穴二株（P2）、一穴三株（P3），对比分析了不同处理下夏玉米的光合速率、花后叶片特性、籽粒灌浆速率和穗部性状，最后对粒重和产量进行了评价。研究结果表明：1）通过一穴多株种植方式适当扩大株距可以提高夏玉米的光合速率、改善穗部性状；2）延缓夏玉米花后叶面积指数和SPAD值下降，以及叶片衰老；3）夏玉米籽粒体积、粒重和灌浆速率得到显著改善；4）与对照P1相比，P2、P3的产量分别提高5.7%、4.6-4.9%。可见，在高密种植情况下，通过一穴二株来调整株距可以延缓花后叶片衰老，从而保证籽粒灌浆足够的光合面积，最终实现粒重的增加和产量的显著提高。
英文摘要:
Nowadays, it was a way to obtain high maize yield by high population planting, but there was a lot of shortcomings, such as bad population structure, not enough grain filling. In order to examine whether the grain filling and yield were improved by planting distance adjustment under high population, a two-year field experiment was conducted at the Wuqiao Experimental Station of China Agricultural University. In this study, the planting distance was adjusted by planting pattern of more plants per hill. There were three treatments (CK, one plant per hill (P1), two plants per hill (P2), three plants per hill (P3)) under the density of 82500 plants? hm-2. The leaf traits after flowering, grain filling, ear traits, and grain weight and grain yield of three treatments were observed and measured. It was to improve the photosynthesis efficiency and ear traits by the right enhance of planting distance with more plants per hill. There was decrease in leaf area index reduction, leaf senility, and SPAD value decrement during grain filling stage with planting patterns of more plants per hill. In this research, it was recorded that grain weight, grain volume and grain filling were enhanced a lot by planting patterns of more plants per hill. The grain yield of P2 and P3 was increased by 5.7%, 4.6-4.9%, respectively, compared with P1.Consequently, it was a good process to achieve high yield, due to decease in leaf death for enough leaf area to grain filling by two plants per hill under high population.
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