玉米雄穗抽雄-散粉间隔时间主基因＋多基因遗传模型及遗传效应
以短抽雄-散粉间隔时间玉米自交系WZ08X38和长抽雄-散粉间隔时间玉米自交系BS1074杂交获得的6个世代（P1、P2、F1、B1、B2和F2）株系为材料，应用植物数量性状主基因＋多基因遗传模型，对玉米抽雄-散粉间隔时间进行遗传分析。结果显示，春播和夏播玉米的抽雄-散粉间隔时间的最适遗传模型分别是E-0和E-3，即2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因和2对加性主基因+加性-显性多基因。由此可见，抽雄-散粉间隔时间主要受2对主基因和多基因控制，主基因存在加性效应，多基因存在加性与显性效应。春播结果中，2对主基因加性效应值均为-0.831，显性效应值分别是-0.679和-0.025，主基因遗传率在B1、B2和F2中分别是40.955%、60.657%和52.325%，多基因遗传率分别为0.002%、14.298%和25.642%，环境方差占表型方差的比例分别为59.03%、25.03%和22.02%；夏播结果中，2对主基因加性效应值分别为0.180和-0.651，主基因遗传率在B1、B2和F2中分别是27.295%、26.997%和39.052%，多基因遗传率分别为0.001%、0.001%和0.001%，环境方差占表型方差的比例分别为72.74%、72.95%和60.91%。上述结果表明，玉米抽雄-散粉间隔时间受2对主基因和多基因控制，但环境对抽雄-散粉间隔时间性状的表型影响较大，F2世代抽雄-散粉间隔时间主基因遗传率均较低，因此育种上可在晚期世代对抽雄-散粉间隔时间性状进行选择。
英文摘要:
The mixed major gene plus polygene inheritance model was used to investigate the inheritance law of tassel-anthesis interval (TAI)in maize in six generations (P1, P2, F1, B1, B2, and F2) derived from WZ08X38 line (with short TAI) ×BS1074 (with long TAI). The results showed that the TAI was respectively fitted the genetic model of E-0 and E-3, i.e., two pairs of additive- dominant-epistatic major gene plus additive-dominant-epistatic polygene model and two pairs of additive major gene plus additive-dominant polygene model. This result confirms that the TAI of maize in this cross is controlled mainly by two major genes which expressed in the mode of additive effects and polygene which expressed in the mode of additive-dominant effects. The result in spring sowing showed that the additive effects of two major genes of TAI were all -0.831, and the dominant effects of two major genes were –0.679 and –0.025, respectively.The heritability in B1, B2, and F2 was 40.955%, 60.657%, and 52.325%, respectively for the major genes, and 0.002%, 14.298%, and 25.642%, respectively for the polygenes. The variance of the environment accounted for 59.03%, 25.03%, 22.02% of the phenotypic variation of three generations, respectively. The result in summer sowing showed that the additive effects of two major genes of TAI were -0.679 and-0.025. The heritability in B1, B2, and F2 was 27.295%, 26.997%, and 39.052%, respectively for the major genes, and 0.001%, 0.001%, and 0.001%, respectively for the polygenes. The variance of the environment accounted for 72.74%, 72.95%, 60.91% of the phenotypic variation of three generations, respectively. A conclusion could be made that TAI in maize is contorolled by two major genes and polygenes but heavily affected by environment. Since a lower value of h2mg was detected in F2 populations, selection in later generations might be an effective way for TAI breeding in maize.
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