淹水胁迫对不同土壤类型养分及玉米养分吸收分配的影响
采用池栽试验,以潮土和砂姜黑土为对象,研究了淹水胁迫下不同土壤类型速效养分变化及玉米养分吸收分配的特征。结果表明,淹水胁迫导致两类土壤速效氮含量显著下降,且随着淹水时间延长降低幅度增大；土壤速效磷含量呈倒抛物线型,在淹水3d达到最低值；速效钾含量呈上升趋势,其中潮土速效钾含量呈曲线上升趋势,砂姜黑土速效钾含量呈线性增加。玉米氮磷钾的累积量和产量随着淹水时间延长而降低,氮磷钾的累积量分别降低24.97%~65.51%、22.00%~42.10%和11.71%~47.25%,产量下降幅度为9.05%~30.15%,砂姜黑土的下降幅度大于潮土。淹水减少了叶片和茎秆的养分积累量,但增加了茎秆中的养分分配比例,平均增加25.95%。两类土壤以潮土中的速效养分对淹水胁迫的响应大于砂姜黑土,植株养分吸收量以砂姜黑土降幅大于潮土。淹水胁迫后土壤速效氮降低是造成玉米养分吸收和产量降低的主要原因,而质地粘重是其另一个重要影响因素。
英文摘要:
The pool experiment with two soil types (fluvo-aquic soil, lime concretion black soil ) was conducted to investigate changes of soil available nutrient and maize nutrient uptake and distribution under waterlogging stress. The results showed that waterlogging caused available N content decreasing significantly in two soil types, and the more decreasing with longer waterlogging. The content of available P in two soil types showed an inverted parabola, and reached the lowest value at the 3rd day of waterlogging. The available K content was "up-down-up"curve in fluvo-aquic soil, and it was increasing with extend of waterlogging in lime concretion black soil. The nutrient accumulation and yield of maize decreased significantly with prolong of waterlogging time, the accumulation of N, P and K was decreasing respectively by 24.97%~65.51%, 22.00%~42.10% and 11.71%~47.25%, and yield decreased by 9.05%~30.15%. The decreasing in fluvo-aquic soil was higher than that in lime concretion black soil. The nutrient accumulation of leaves and stems was reduced, but the proportion of nutrients in stems was increased under waterlogging stress by 25.95% in average. The response to waterlogging stress in fluvo-aquic soil was greater than that in lime concretion black soil, the nutrient uptake of maize in lime concretion black soil was more than that in fluvo-aquic soil. It indicated that t available N reducing in the soil was the main reason of resulting in the decrease of nutrient uptake and yield, other reason was sticky soil properity.
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