以国家南方区糯玉米区域试验对照品种苏玉糯5号和渝糯7号为材料,研究不同磷肥施用量和施用时期对糯玉米籽粒产量及磷素积累分配的影响。结果表明,糯玉米成熟期籽粒产量随施磷量的增加而增加,苏玉糯5号在基施和拔节期分别追施P2O5 75kg?hm-2处理下籽粒产量最高；而渝糯7号在P2O5 150kg?hm-2一次性基施及基施和拔节期分别追施P2O5 75kg?hm-2处理下籽粒产量最高。随着生育进程的推进,两品种植株磷素积累量均逐渐增加；同一生育时期下,两品种植株磷素积累量随着施磷量的增加而增加。成熟期苏玉糯5号和渝糯7号两品种在各施磷处理下籽粒中磷素占植株整体的分配比例均为最高,达70%左右；雄穗和苞叶中磷素含量相对最低,各仅占植株整体含磷量的2%左右。植株磷素利用效率在基施和拔节期分别追施P2O5 75kg?hm-2处理下最低,其它处理下无显著差异。综合两品种产量、磷素积累和分配在不同处理的变化趋势,以基施和拔节期分别追施P2O5 75kg?hm-2较优。
英文摘要:
The effects of different amount of P2O5 fertilizer and its application time on waxy maize grain yield and phosphorus accumulation and distribution were studied using Suyunuo5 and Yunuo7 (the control varieties in national southern waxy maize regional test) as materials under two-factor split-plot design. The results showed that the grain yield increase with the increment of phosphorus amount, Suyunuo5 highest grain yield was got in the treatment of P2O5 75kg.hm-2 applied at sowing and topdressing stage, respectively; Yunuo7 highest grain yield was got in treatment of basic fertilizer P2O5 150kg.hm-2 and P2O5 75kg.hm-2 applied at sowing and topdressing stage, respectively. With the advance of crop growth, plant phosphorus accumulation gradually increases and the value gradually increased with phosphorus amount at the same stage, and the value peak at P2O5 75kg.hm-2 applied at sowing and topdressing stage. At maturity, the P content was mainly located in grain, which occupied about 70% of the total accumulation amount, while the value in tassel and bracts were only occupied about 2% of the total. The phosphorus utilization efficiency was lowest at P2O5 75kg.hm-2 applied at sowing and topdressing stage treatments and not different among the other treatments in both varieties. Among the different treatments, P2O5 75kg.hm-2 applied at sowing and topdressing stage respectively could get the highest grain yield, dry matter, and P accumulation amount, with the lowest phosphorus utilization efficiency.
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