选取2005—2013年吉林省“3414”田间试验中的氮肥用量处理，研究施氮水平对玉米产量和氮肥利用效率的影响，明确不同生态区之间差异。结果显示，不施氮条件下吉林省玉米的平均产量为7.6 t/hm2。氮肥施用显著提高玉米产量，以N3处理表现最好，产量达最高的9.9 t/hm2，较N1处理平均增产2.37 t/hm2（35.4%）。玉米的氮肥农学利用率和偏生产力均以N2处理最高，平均分别为14.7和107.3 kg/kg，随施氮量增加氮肥利用效率均逐渐降低。除氮肥用量外，生态区也显著影响玉米的增产效果和氮肥利用效率。吉林省三大生态区中，中部半湿润平原区的产量水平最高，东部湿润山区次之，而西部半干旱平原区最低；施氮增产量和农学利用率以东部地区显著高于中、西部地区，偏生产力则以东部地区最高而西部地区最低。本研究表明适量施氮有助于玉米生产的高产高效，测土配方施肥确定的推荐施氮量在当前吉林省玉米生产中可获得较高产量，但氮肥利用效率还有待提高。另外，氮肥合理管理应在考虑生态区差异的基础上确定适宜用量与运筹方式。
英文摘要:
The N fertilizer rate treatments in the “3414” maize field experiments that conducted in Jilin province during 2005-2013 were collected in this study, aiming to evaluate the effects of N fertilizer rate on maize yield and N fertilizer use efficiencies in Jilin province, and compare the differences among various ecological zones. The results showed that the average grain yield in the current maize production of Jilin province was 7.6 t/hm2, when no N fertilizer was applied. N fertilizer application increased significantly maize yield. Of which, N3 treatment obtained the highest grain yield of 9.9 t/hm2, which was 2.37 t/hm2（35.4%）higher than N1 treatment. The agronomic efficiency (AE) and partial factor productivity (PFP) of N fertilizer declined with increasing N fertilizer rate, and the highest values of 14.7 and 107.3 kg/kg were both observed in N2 treatment. Besides of N fertilizer rate, maize yield responses and N fertilizer use efficiencies were also affected by ecological zone. Of which, the highest maize yield were observed in the Central semi-humid plain area (CSPA), followed by Eastern humid mountainous area (EHMA), and that in Western semi-arid plain area (WSPA) was relatively lower. The yield increase and AE of N fertilizer were significantly higher in EHMA than those in CSPA and WSPA, while PFP was highest in EHMA and lowest in WSPA. In conclusion, appropriate rate of N fertilizer is conductive to increase maize yield and fertilizer use efficiency. In the current maize production of Jilin province, the recommended N fertilizer rate by soil testing formula fertilization program could obtained satisfactory grain yield, however, N fertilizer use efficiency still remains to be improved. Moreover, the optimal N fertilizer rate and application method should be considered based on regional differences in a reasonable crop N fertilizer management.
;
