利用单倍体诱导法培育玉米自交系的优势之一是其速度快捷。然而单倍体植株的染色体加倍成功率低是当前单倍体诱导技术利用的瓶颈因素。为了更好地利用单倍体育种技术,需要不断改进单倍加倍方法。以玉米杂交种正大619为母本,单倍体诱导系“桂诱1号”诱导其产生的单倍体为材料,在温室大棚和大田两种环境下,采用秋水仙素注射法和自然加倍法进行单倍体加倍处理。对两种环境下不同加倍方法的散粉率和吐丝率进行方差分析。对散粉率的分析表明,在温室大棚环境下散粉率比在大田中有极显著提高,大棚中注射法与自然加倍散粉率分别是12.02%和13.97%,而大田中则分别为9.27%和6.87%；不同环境与加倍处理方法间的互作有显著差异,这表明在温室大棚环境下,自然加倍法对提高散粉率的效果最好。对吐丝率的分析表明,吐丝率在温室大棚与大田环境之间有显著差异,大棚环境中注射法与自然加倍吐丝率分别是99.30%和99.37%,而大田中则分别为97.76%和96.36%。在育种基地创造适宜的玉米单倍体生长环境,自然加倍法也能够获得可观的雄穗散粉率,并提高雌穗吐丝率,从而提高单倍体育种效率。
英文摘要:
One of the advantages of breeding maize inbred lines via in vivo haploid induction method is the fast speed. However, the lower success rate of the chromosome doubling of haploid plants is the bottleneck of haploid induction technology. The haploid plants from a maize hybrid variety zhengda 619 as female parent induced by the haploid inducer "Guiyou 1" cultivated in two environments i.e. in greenhouses and field, followed by colchicine injection and natural doubling methods in order to optimize doubling methods for a better use of haploid technology. Variance analysis was adopted to the pollen exposure rate and the silking rate of haploid plants population in the two environments. Analysis shows that the pollen exposure rate in the greenhouse is higher than in field with highly significant level, the pollen exposure rate of colchicine injections and natural doubling method were 12.02% and 13.97% in greenhouse; 9.27% and 6.87% in field respectively; The highly significant difference between the two environments and the two doubling methods shows that in the greenhouse environment, natural doubling is the best method for haploid doubling. Analysis of the silking rate shows that significant differences were observed between greenhouse and field environment. The silking rate of colchicine injection and natural doubling were 99.30% and 99.37% in greenhouse, 97.76% and 96.36% in field respectively. Improve the efficiency of the haploid breeding technology can be achieved via create appropriate growth condition for maize haploid plants in local breeding station, which considerable pollen exposure rate through natural doubling method can be obtained and the silking rate also increased simultaneously.
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