PNAS:评估SARS样流行性病毒的出现
美国北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校一项研究报告了评估sars样动物源病毒出现和流行的潜力。流行潜力类似于严重急性呼吸道冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)的动物源冠状病毒出现的准确可能性仍然不清楚。使用一种逆向遗传学方法,Ralph Baric及其同事构造出了WIV1-CoV,这是一种此前描述过的蝙蝠冠状病毒,它可以使用人类血管紧张素转化酶2(ACE2)感染人类,他们还构造出了一种混合型病毒,它在适应鼠科感染的一个严重急性呼吸道冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)骨架上具有WIV1-CoV的刺突蛋白。这组作者发现,这两种经过改造的病毒都能可靠地感染人类肺气道上皮培养,这提示WIV1-CoV刺突蛋白能够调控人类感染而不需要进一步的分子适应。与严重急性呼吸道冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)相比,WIV1-CoV在野生型小鼠体内表现出了复制的减弱。尽管WIV1-CoV的复制在被改造成表达人类血管紧张素转化酶2(ACE2)的小鼠体内得到改善,它没能达到类似于流行性严重急性呼吸道冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)的水平。重要的是,源自噬菌体展示和感染严重急性呼吸道冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)的病人的B细胞的一种广泛中和单克隆抗体组合,为暴露在可能致命剂量的严重急性呼吸道冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)和野生型WIV1-CoV之中的小鼠提供了防护。与模拟治疗的小鼠相比,注射了这些保护性抗体的小鼠的肺内没有可探测到的病毒。然而,此前发现对于青年小鼠有效的一个双灭活严重急性呼吸道冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)候选疫苗没能在WIV1-CoV挑战中保护小鼠。这组作者说,与严重急性呼吸道冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)相比,WIV1-CoV可能造成了对人类的减弱的流行威胁,值得研究它的动物源潜力。
原文链接:
SARS-like WIV1-CoV poised for human emergence
原文摘要:
Outbreaks from zoonotic sources represent a threat to both human disease as well as the global economy. Despite a wealth of metagenomics studies, methods to leverage these datasets to identify future threats are underdeveloped. In this study, we describe an approach that combines existing metagenomics data with reverse genetics to engineer reagents to evaluate emergence and pathogenic potential of circulating zoonotic viruses. Focusing on the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like viruses, the results indicate that the WIV1-coronavirus (CoV) cluster has the ability to directly infect and may undergo limited transmission in human populations. However, in vivo attenuation suggests additional adaptation is required for epidemic disease. Importantly, available SARS monoclonal antibodies offered success in limiting viral infection absent from available vaccine approaches. Together, the data highlight the utility of a platform to identify and prioritize prepandemic strains harbored in animal reservoirs and document the threat posed by WIV1-CoV for emergence in human populations.
作者:Vineet Menachery