籽粒含水率是影响玉米机械籽粒收获的关键因素之一,本研究以目前我国种植面积最大的郑单958和先玉335为试验材料,对其籽粒脱水情况及相关因素进行了初步分析。研究结果表明,籽粒含水率与脱水速率均随生育进程的推进不断降低,但两个品种差异明显：生理成熟时,郑单958籽粒含水率为27.19%～30.51%,而先玉335为24.61%～26.78%,较郑单958低2.58～3.73个百分点；含水率稳定时,郑单958和先玉335的籽粒含水率分别为21.77%和16.96%,先玉335较郑单958低4.81个百分点；由于郑单958的籽粒脱水速率低于先玉335,调查范围内该品种籽粒含水率均高于先玉335；虽然相关分析显示,籽粒含水率变化与苞叶、穗轴的含水率变化呈极显著正相关,与穗柄含水率变化无相关性,但苞叶和穗柄的含水率品种间差异不显著,而穗轴含水率则有明显的品种间差异。
英文摘要:
Moisture content of kernel is one of the key factors affecting the maize mechanical harvesting. Using Zhengdan958 and Xianyu335 which have the largest planting acreage in our country as experimental materials, we preliminary analyzed the dehydration of kernel and related factors in this study. The results showed that the moisture content of kernel and the dehydration rate continuously decreased with the advancing growth process, but two varieties had some significant differences. At physiological maturity stage the moisture content in kernel of Zhengdan958 changed from 27.19% to 30.51%, while 24.61%～26.78% for Xianyu335 which was 2.58～3.73 percentage points lower than Zhengdan958. When moisture became stable, the moisture contents in kernel of Zhengdan958 and Xianyu335 respectively were 21.77% and 16.96%, and Xianyu335 was 4.81 percentage points less than Zhengdan958. Because of the lower dehydration rate than Xianyu335, Zhengdan958 had higher moisture content of kernel within the scope of the investigation. Although the correlation analysis showed that changes of moisture content in kernel was significantly positively correlated with bract and cob, while there were no correlation between changes of moisture content in kernel and ear-pedicel, but the difference of moisture content between varieties of bract and ear-pedicel was not significant, and there was distinct difference of moisture content between varieties of cob.
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