玉米马铃薯间作是重要的作物多样性种植模式,但目前有关该模式中作物的养分利用特征、特别是利用效率的研究不多。本研究采用田间小区试验,通过2行玉米间作2行马铃薯、4行玉米间作4行马铃薯及相应单作在玉米拔节期和大喇叭口期植株氮磷钾浓度和养分吸收量的比较,研究了玉米间作马铃薯中养分吸收和利用效率的变化。结果表明,玉米大喇叭口期,间作玉米植株氮钾浓度显著低于单作(F氮=6.608,P氮=0.015; F钾=5.148, P钾=0.028),且根、茎、叶中氮磷钾浓度都低于净作处理,部分差异达到了显著水平。其中,根对氮和磷的利用贡献大一些,茎对钾的贡献大。间作玉米的养分吸收量没有优势,但间作单株玉米产量极显著高于单作(F=44.681,P=0.000),并且产量与玉米大喇叭口期植株氮钾浓度极显著和显著负相关,表明提高玉米氮钾利用效率可促进增产。
英文摘要:
Maize/potato intercropping is an important crop diversity cultivation model. There is little research on the characteristics of nutrient utilization in the planting model, especially on the nutrient use efficiency. Field experiments were carried out on the changes of nutrient uptake and utilization efficiency in maize/potato intercropping through the comparison of the concentration of the plant nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and nutrient uptake in 2 row maize/2 row potato, 4 row maize/4 row potato as compared to the respective sole crops in maize jointing stage and large bell stage in 2013. The results showed that the concentration of maize nitrogen and potassium under intercropping was significantly lower than that of monoculture in large bell stage(F氮=6.608,P氮=0.015; F钾=5.148, P钾=0.028), and it was lower than that of monoculture that the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in roots, stems and leafs under intercropping. Some were significant difference. Among them, the roots of maize were mainly contributed to using nitrogen and phosphorus and the stems were potassium. It was not advantage that the nutrient uptake of maize under intercropping. The maize yields per plant under intercropping were extremely significantly higher than that of monoculture(F=44.681,P=0.000). The maize yields were extremely significantly negative correlated with the concentration of plant nitrogen and were significantly negative correlated with the concentration of plant potassium in large bell stage, and indicated that it can promote the increase of maize yield that the improvement of the utilization efficiency of nitrogen and potassium.
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