改良并提高玉米品质一直是玉米研究的重要课题。玉米中的opaque突变体改变了胚乳的蛋白特性，导致胚乳表现柔软且不透明的粉质状。自从粉质胚乳的高赖氨酸营养特性引起人们的极大关注以来，研究人员先后发现了13个opaque胚乳突变体，但是只有o2的分子机理研究地较为清楚，对赖氨酸含量提高的作用也最大。为了研究清楚胚乳中储藏物质合成、装配、转运的调控机理，从而将这些有益突变基因应用于农业生产，研究人员继而发现了多个胚乳修饰的主效位点及基因（Opm）。本文综述了玉米opaque突变体及相关基因的研究进展，并对当前育种中利用该类基因培育优质蛋白玉米（QPM）的研究状况进行了分析，以期为高赖氨酸玉米的分子标记辅助选择(MAS)和基因聚合育种提供参考。
英文摘要:
Quality improvement is always one of the most important subjects in maize applied research. Opaque mutants appear starchy endosperm with opaque phenotypic defect, resulting from the changed characteristics of endosperm protein. Although researchers who have found 13 different opaque mutations, since the high nutritional properties of starchy endosperm has gained more and more concerns, only the molecular mechanism of o2 was revealed more clearly, accounting for the greatest contribution to the improvement of lysine. In order to study clearly the synthesis, assembly, transport mechanism of the endosperm storage protein, so as to apply these beneficial mutator to agricultural production, researchers discovered multiple o2 modifier loci (Opm). The research progress of maize opaque mutants and related genes are summarized in the paper, we further analysis the utilization of the mutator in quality protein maize (QPM) research, in order to offer the reference for marker-assisted selection (MAS) of QPM and gene pyramiding breeding.
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