为筛选出北京地区轻简省工、环境友好的春玉米施肥方式,在密云和延庆采用大区试验方法,研究了底肥+人工追肥、底肥+机械中耕追肥、缓释肥一次性底施等3种不同施肥方式对土壤脲酶、春玉米光合速率、产量及相关性状的影响。结果表明：两个试验点均表现为缓释肥处理0-40cm土壤脲酶活性最高,其中春玉米抽雄期与灌浆期缓释肥处理均显著高于机械追肥、人工追肥处理,但机械追肥、人工追肥处理间没有显著差异,而在成熟期三个处理0-40cm土壤脲酶差异均不显著；缓释肥处理还显著增加了春玉米株高、净光合速率以及穂长、穗粒数,从而显著提高了春玉米产量。与机械追肥、人工追肥相比,缓释肥处理春玉米产量分别增加22.48%、17.03%。该研究可为北京地区春玉米简化栽培提供依据。
英文摘要:
In order to select labor saving, environment friendly fertilization of Spring Maize in Beijing area. We conducted an experiment with three fertilization methods including base fertilizer+artificial topdressing applications, base fertilizer+mechanical topdressing applications and disposable side slow-release fertilizer by the test method of large area in Miyun and Yanqing County. The results showed that the urease of slow-release fertilizing application at 0-40 cm layer was the highest, which was significantly higher than the mechanical topdressing and artificial topdressing at tasselling and filling stages, but the difference between mechanical topdressing and artificial topdressing treatments was not significant, we also found no significant difference of urease at 0-40 cm layer between all three treatments at maturity. Slow-release fertilizer treatment also significantly increased the plant height and net photosynthetic rate of leaves at tasselling and filling stages, length and grains per spike of spring maize at maturity, thereby significantly improved the spring maize yield. Compared with the mechanical and artificial topdressing applications, spring maize’s yield for slow-release fertilizer was increased by 22.48% and 17.03% respectively. This study may provide a basis for spring maize simplified cultivation in Beijing.
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