通过连续二年(2013-2014)田间试验，研究了氮肥不同运筹方式对玉米产量、养分吸收、转运、分配及利用率的影响。结果表明，在不同氮肥运筹方式中，基肥:拔节期:抽雄期施肥比例为3:4:3时玉米产量和氮肥利用效率最高，较其他基追比例处理增产3.2%—20.5%，氮收获指数、当季回收率、农学利用率和偏生产力分别提高2.0%—5.3%、2.0%—21.3%、2.3kg/kg—10.0kg/kg和2.3kg/kg—10.0kg/kg。施氮可显著增加玉米主要生育期氮、磷、钾吸收量，并可提高玉米抽雄期氮、磷、钾养分向子粒的转运，其中基肥:拔节期:抽雄期施氮比例为3:4:3对玉米灌浆期氮、磷、钾吸收量影响显著，且有利于氮、磷、钾养分由营养体向子粒的转运，使子粒氮、磷、钾积累总量显著的高于其他基追比例处理。相关分析结果表明，氮肥运筹条件下各生育期氮、磷、钾吸收间存在显著或极显著的正响相关性，且除苗期外，其他生育期氮、磷、钾吸收量均与产量存在极显著的正向相关性，其中灌浆期氮、磷、钾的吸收状况与产量的相关系数最大。综合考虑玉米产量与植株氮、磷、钾吸收关系间的表现，转运及氮肥利用效率等方面的因素，在本试验条件下，施氮量200kg/hm2，基肥:拔节期:抽雄期施氮比例为3:4:3比例为最佳氮运筹方式。
英文摘要:
The effect of different nitrogen fertilizer management on maize yield, nutrient absorption, translocation, distribution and use efficiency were studied by field experiments from 2013 to 2014. The results showed that nitrogen use efficiency was the highest, and maize yield, N harvest index, recovery rate in the quarter, agriculture utilization and partial productivity increased by 3.2%—20.5%, 2.0%—5.3%, 2.0%—21.3%, 2.3kg/kg—10.0kg/kg and 2.3kg/kg—10.0kg/kg at the ratio of 3:4:3 (basal N, jointing N and tasseling N) than the other treatments at different ratio of basal and topdressing in different nitrogen fertilizer management, respectively. Nitrogen fertilizer application could significantly increased absorption amount of N, P and K at main growth period, and improved translocation amount of N, P and K to grains at the tasseling stage of maize. The treatment at the ratio of 3:4:3 (basal N, jointing N and tasseling N) significantly increased absorption amount of N, P and K at the filling stage of maize, and improved translocation amount of N, P, K from vegetative organs to grains. The total accumulation amount of N, P, K in grains at the ratio of 3:4:3 (basal N, jointing N and tasseling N) were significantly higher than other treatments at different ratio of basal and topdressing. Correlation analysis showed that absorption of N, P and K had a significant or extremely significant positive relationship at each growing stage under nitrogen fertilizer management. Absorption of N, P and K at other growing stage was extremely associated significantly with yield except at seedling stage, of which the correlation coefficients was the biggest between yield and absorption condition of N, P and K at filling stage. Comprehensive consideration various factors such as the relationship between maize yield and absorption of N, P and K of plant, translocation and nitrogen use efficiency, the recommended optimum nitrogen fertilizer management was applied 200 kg/hm2 (N) at the ratio of 3:4:3 (basal N, jointing N and tasseling N) under the experiment conditions.
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