收获时籽粒含水量是玉米机械化收割的重要影响因素之一。以26个夏玉米杂交种为材料，分析了不同玉米杂交种收获时籽粒含水量，及影响生理成熟后籽粒脱水速率的粒型、主要成分含量等相关因素。结果表明，不同玉米杂交种在收获期籽粒含水量、生理成熟后平均脱水速率、阶段性脱水速率、粒型、主要成分含量等方面均存在极显著差异。籽粒生理成熟后不同阶段脱水速率之间比较，前期脱水速率（1.088%）＞中期脱水速率（0.790%）＞后期脱水速率（0.783%）。相关分析表明，收获期籽粒含水量与粒型（粒长*粒厚/粒宽）、籽粒淀粉含量呈显著负相关，与籽粒脂肪含量呈极显著正相关。表明生理成熟后脱水较快品种的理想粒型为较高的粒长*粒厚/粒宽（即籽粒长一点、厚一点、窄一点)，其籽粒主要成分含量中脂肪含量较低、淀粉含量较高。
英文摘要:
The kernel moisture content at harvest is one of the major constraints to limit the maize machinery of summer maize currently. The trial studied on 26 summer maize hybrids, analyzed kernel moisture content at harvest and kernel type, main components and other related influencing factors among different maize hybrids. Results showed that there are very significant differences among maize hybrids in kernel moisture content at harvest, average kernel dehydration rate after physiological mature stage, dehydration rate in different stages, kernel type and main components content. The results indicated that early dehydration rate (1.088%) > medium-term dehydration rate (0.790%) > later dehydration rate (0.783%) while studied on the dehydration rate in different stages. Correlation analysis results indicated that there was significantly negative correlation between kernel moisture content at harvest and kernel type (length * thickness / width), kernel starch content, there was significantly positive correlation between moisture content and fat content in kernel. This study showed that the suitable mechanical harvest maize varieties should have the higher parameter of length * thickness / width of kernel, the lower fat content and the higher starch content in kernel.
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