采用田间试验方法,将玉米秸秆切段(D)、粗粉碎(C)、细粉碎(X)、细粉碎后压粒(Y)和细粉碎后氨化处理(AX),研究玉米秸秆深还对土壤水分转移及产量的影响。试验研究结果表明,秸秆粉碎程度越细,吸水能力越强,深施后土壤渗水速度越快；粉碎的秸秆较其他处理更能促进土壤水竖直方向转移；各处理的蓄水能力表现为粉碎状秸秆处理>段状秸秆处理>对照,且细粉碎(X)、细粉碎后氨化处理(AX)在还田初期就能呈现出明显的蓄水效果；秸秆粉碎状态越细,深施后土壤容重减小速度和幅度越大,细粉碎处理(X)和细粉碎后氨化处理(AX)能在还田初期就对减小土壤容重产生明显作用,50d后土壤容重较播种当天分别减小5.52%和6.62%；秸秆深施还田可以有效提高玉米产量,产量排序为X>AX>C>Y>D>CK,其中X处理对玉米产量的增加影响最为明显,与对照相比增长了19.92%。
英文摘要:
To study the effect of deep-buried corn stalks on soil moisture transfer and corn yield, corn stalks were deeply buried in the soil after being cut into sections(D), roughly smashed(C), finely smashed(X), compressed(Y) and ammoniated(AX). The influences were carried out though field plot contrastive experiments. The results showed that the more finely the stalks were grinded, the stronger the water absorbing capacity and soil water penetration rate were. And the smashed stalks could more easily promote soil water transfer vertically. The capacities of storing water were the smashed stalks> the columnar> CK. X as well as AX presented evident storing ability at the beginning. The finer the stalks were smashed, the faster and wider range the soil bulk density decreased. And the smashed stalks(X) and ammoniated stalks(AX) generated obvious result on decreasing soil bulk density at the start, respectively decreasing by 5.52% and 6.62% after 50d compared with CK. The deep returning to field of corn stalks can improve the corn yield effectively. The order of different treatments were X>AX>C>Y>D>CK. X contributed the most on corn yield increase as 19.92% higher than CK.
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