PNAS:非蜂传粉者与蜂的衰退

摘要 : 澳大利亚新英格兰大学环境与农村科学学院一项研究提出，诸如蝇、甲虫、胡蜂、蝴蝶和蛾等传粉者在全球农作物生产中起到了一个重要的作用，并且并没有像蜂那样受到环境变化的影响。

澳大利亚新英格兰大学环境与农村科学学院一项研究提出，诸如蝇、甲虫、胡蜂、蝴蝶和蛾等传粉者在全球农作物生产中起到了一个重要的作用，并且并没有像蜂那样受到环境变化的影响。Romina Rader及其同事分析了来自五大洲的39项实地研究，这些研究衡量了非蜂传粉者、蜜蜂和其他蜂为农作物传粉的数量以及效率。这项研究发现，非蜂传粉者单次访问花的传粉效率低于蜂。然而，由于它们访问的花的数量稍高于蜂，非蜂传粉者的总体传粉服务类似于蜂。研究的一个子集测量了果实形成，结果发现由于非蜂传粉者补充而非替代了蜂的访问，这两个群体对于最优的传粉服务都是必要的。非蜂昆虫受到自然栖息地流失的影响也小于蜂。这组作者提出，非蜂昆虫传粉者在全球农作物生产中起到了一个重要的作用，而且可能提供针对蜂种群衰退的保险。这组作者说，在分析农作物传粉者生物多样性以及传粉的经济价值的时候，这些昆虫在传统上被忽视了。

原文链接：

Non-bee insects are important contributors to global crop pollination

原文摘要：

Wild and managed bees are well documented as effective pollinators of global crops of economic importance. However, the contributions by pollinators other than bees have been little explored despite their potential to contribute to crop production and stABIlity in the fAce of environmental change. Non-bee pollinators include flies, beetles, moths, butterflies, wasps, ants, birds, and bats, among others. Here we focus on non-bee insects and synthesize 39 field studies from five continents that directly measured the crop pollination servICEs provided by non-bees, honey bees, and other bees to compare the relative contributions of these taxa. Non-bees performed 25–50% of the total number of flower visits. Although non-bees were less effective pollinators than bees per flower visit, they made more visits; thus these two factors compensated for each other, resulting in pollination services rendered by non-bees that were similar to those provided by bees. In the subset of studies that measured fruit set, fruit set increased with non-bee insect visits independently of bee visitation rates, indicating that non-bee insects provide a unique benefit that is not provided by bees. We also show that non-bee insects are not as reliant as bees on the presence of remnant natural or seminatural habitat in the surrounding landscape. These results strongly suggest that non-bee insect pollinators play a significant role in global crop production and respond differently than bees to landscape structure, probably making their crop pollination services more robust to changes in land use. Non-bee insects provide a valuable service and provide potential insurance against bee population declines.

doi: 10.1073/PNAS.1517092112

作者：Romina Rader

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