PNAS:狗的驯化的起源

摘要 : 美国康奈尔大学的一项研究提示，狗可能是在接近今天的尼泊尔和蒙古的中亚地区被驯化的。

美国康奈尔大学的一项研究提示，狗可能是在接近今天的尼泊尔和蒙古的中亚地区被驯化的。狗被认为至少在1.5万年前从欧亚灰狼进化而来，但是狗的驯化的准确时间和地点仍有争议。大多数的狗既不是纯种也不是非纯种，而是属于一个地理上广泛分布的具有遗传多样性的群体，称为乡村狗。为了发现早期的狗的起源和传播的线索，Adam Boyko及其同事分析了38个国家的165个狗的品种中的4600多只纯种狗以及540只乡村狗的常染色体、y染色体和线粒体DNA的超过185800个遗传标记。这项分析揭示出了乡村狗比纯种狗更高的遗传多样性，这提示狗很可能是在中亚被驯化的，很可能是在今天的尼泊尔和蒙古附近。而在埃及、越南和印度的许多种群——它们在假定的驯化中心附近——几乎没有表现出欧洲混合的迹象，南太平洋和新热带区的乡村狗表现出了以欧洲起源为主。这组作者提出，驯化的狗可能起源于中亚，并且传播到了东亚以及东亚以外的地方。这组作者说，对乡村狗的遗传分析可能为致力于发现狗的驯化与进化的准确时间和地点的古代DNA分析提供补充。

原文链接：

GENEtic structure in village dogs reveals a Central Asian domestication origin

原文摘要：

Dogs were the first domesticated species, originating at least 15,000 y ago from Eurasian gray wolves. Dogs today consist primarily of two specialized groups—a diverse set of nearly 400 pure breeds and a far more populous group of free-ranging animals adapted to a human commensal lifestyle (village dogs). Village dogs are more genetically diverse and geographically widespread than purebred dogs making them vital for unraveling dog population history. Using a semicustom 185,805-marker genotyping array, we conducted a large-scale survey of autosomal, mitochondrial, and Y chromosome diversity in 4,676 purebred dogs from 161 breeds and 549 village dogs from 38 countries. Geographic structure shows both isolation and gene flow have shaped genetic diversity in village dog populations. Some populations (notably those in the Neotropics and the South Pacific) are almost completely derived from European stock, whereas others are clearly admixed between indigenous and European dogs. Importantly, many populations—including those of Vietnam, India, and Egypt—show minimal evidence of European admixture. These populations exhibit a clear gradient of short-range linkage disequilibrium consistent with a Central Asian domestication origin.

doi: 10.1073/PNAS.1516215112

作者：Laura Shannon

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