以玉米自交系XL21和PH6WC组成的6世代群体为材料，调查各群体同一穗位处果穗数量。利用P1、P2、F1、F2、BC1和BC2 六世代联合分析法，研究控制玉米多穗性状的基因分离规律。结果表明：该性状在F2分离世代表现为斜率为负值的直线分布，BC1群体主要呈类似于偏正态分布，BC2群体呈类似于反比例函数分布，通过群体AIC值进行适合性检验，该性状符合一对加-显主基因＋加-显-上位性多基因遗传D模，主基因效应大于多基因效应，且加性效应大于显性效应，主基因遗传率为49.5～60.2%，多基因遗传力为27.4～41.1%，两者累加贡献率达到87.6-90.6%。控制玉米多穗性状以加性效应为主，在遗传育种中针对该性状建议对早代试材进行重点选择和淘汰。
英文摘要:
Abstract: Six generations of maize inbred lines from XL21 and PH6WC were crossed as the research materials in the study, more ears number of each group were investigated on the same ear location, P1、P2、F1、F2、BC1 and BC2 were used to study the inheritance of maize more ears trait with joint analysis of multiple generations. The results were as follows: maize ears trait showed the slope negative linear distribution in the F2 population, similar to a skewed normal distribution in the BC1, and the distribution of inverse function in BC2 populations. It fitted the D model of a pair of additive-dominance-epitasis major gene plus additive-dominance-epitasis polygene through the group AIC value fit test. The main genetic effects were more than polygenic effects, and additive effect was greater than the dominant effect, the major gene heritability was between 49.5% and 60.2%, he polygene heritability was between 27.4% and 41.1%, the accumulative contribution rate was 87.6-90.6%. More ears traits were controlled priority to with additive effect, it suggested to be focused on early generation of material selection and choice on maize breeding.
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