为明确籽粒含水率变化与灌浆动态的关系,从粒位效应差异的角度,以不同自然脱水类型玉米品种为材料,分析其花后不同部位籽粒含水率、脱水速率、粒重、体积、灌浆动态以及灌浆参数。结果表明,两个品种灌浆后期两个关键时间节点籽粒含水率差异较大,分别为37.83%(9月30日)、31.85%(10月5日)和33.56%(9月30日)、26.36%(10月5日),两个时间点先玉335较蠡玉16品种籽粒含水率分别低4.27和5.49个百分点,且存在明显的粒位效应,两个品种籽粒含水率均表现为：下部籽粒＞中部籽粒＞上部籽粒。籽粒体积和粒重粒位效应表现为下部籽粒＞中部籽粒＞上部籽粒,蠡玉16百粒体积下部籽粒和中部籽粒分别较上部籽粒高出15.00%、21.82%,粒重高出11.96%、15.33%,先玉335百粒体积下部籽粒和中部籽粒分别较上部籽粒高出30.14%、43.54%,粒重高出17.44%、20.38%。灌浆速率粒位效应存在基因型差异,蠡玉16表现为中部籽粒＞下部籽粒＞上部籽粒,而先玉335表现为下部籽粒＞中部籽粒＞上部籽粒。各项灌浆参数差异主要体现在灌浆启动势(R0)、活跃灌浆期(D)和灌浆峰值出现时间(Gmax)。灌浆启动势表现为上部籽粒＞下部和中部籽粒,活跃灌浆期粒位差异较大,且品种间粒位效应趋势相反,先玉335活跃灌浆期上部籽粒略大于下部籽粒,而蠡玉16下部籽粒活跃灌浆期长于中部和上部籽粒。灌浆峰值出现时间不同,两个品种最大灌浆速率出现时间相差4.77 d。不同自然脱水类型玉米品种穗部不同粒位之间起始灌浆势、最大灌浆速率出现时间以及活跃灌浆期存在差异,这可能是造成籽粒含水率粒位差异的主要原因。
英文摘要:
To clarify the relationship between changes of grain moisture and grain filling dynamics, from the perspective of the difference of grain position effect, different types of natural dehydration maize cultivars as material, to analysis the Grain moisture content, dehydration rate, grain weight, volume, grouting and filling parameters dynamic of different parts of the grain after flowering. The results show that there were quite different grain moisture content of late filling two key time nodes for two varieties, 37.83%(Sept 30), 31.85%(Oct 5) and 33.56%(Sept 30, 26.36% (September 30), respectively. The grain moisture content Xianyu335 than the Liyu 16 respectively 4.27 and 5.49 percentage points lower at two time points, and there are obvious grain position effect, which grain moisture rate the performance of two varieties: Basal grain> Middle grain> upper portion of grain. The grain position effect of grain size and grain weight was Basal grain> Middle grain> upper portion of grain, Basal and middle grain of the 100 seeds grain volume, higher than upper grain 15.00%, 21.82%; grain weight higher than 11.96%, 15.33%, respectively for Liyu16, and which were 30.14%, 43.54%; 17.44%, 20.38%, respectively for Xianyu335. There were genotype different of grain position effect for grain filling rate, Liyu 16 showed the Middle grain> Basal grain> upper part grain, while Xianyu335 showed the Basal grain> Middle grain> upper portion grain. The filling parameters are quite different mainly start filling potential (R0), active grain filling period (D) and peak filling time (Gmax). Start filling the potential showed upper grain is greater than Basal and middle grain, active grain filling period are quite different grain position, and instead kernel position effects trend among cultivars, Which performed that Xianyu335 active grain filling is slightly larger than the basal portion of the upper part grain, while the basal part of Liyu 16 active grain filling period longer than the middle and upper Grain. Filling peak at different times, they show the same trend among grain position, the maximum filling rate among varieties occurrence time difference 4.77d. There were differences among starting filling potential, maximum filling rate appeared time and active grain filling period being in different grain position Ear for different types of natural dehydration maize varieties, which may be the main cause of grain moisture content grain position differences.
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