PLOS ONE:美科学家表示可期望利用CRISPR/Cas9编辑蚊子基因减低传播
最近,《PLoS ONE》发表来自美国密苏里大学的研究人员的一篇研究成果,研究用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑系统编辑埃及伊蚊传播登革病毒的蚊种)的特定基因,靶定这种蚊子携带病毒的能力。博士后Shengzhang Dong表示,这一新技术为今后转基因蚊子的研究打开了新的途径,可使它们不能携带和传播对人体有害的病毒和寄生虫。
在研究中,Dong和他的同事使用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑系统,在先前制备的一个转基因蚊子品系中,破坏蓝色荧光眼睛颜色基因。这个蚊子品系原本在其眼睛中表达蓝色和红色荧光的基因,因此,这些蚊子的后代不再显示蓝色,但在其眼睛中仍显示红色基因的表达。这一新性状在世代间是稳定遗传的。
Dong说:“然而,在这项研究中,我们只是利用CRISPR/Cas9破坏了蚊子眼睛中的荧光标记物,我们证明,在未来,该系统能进行更有效的基因编辑。”
Alexander Franz教授说,Franz说:“用人类病原体感染蚊子,如登革热病毒,由于昆虫会产生先天免疫反应,因此会改变蚊子的基因表达谱。这些复杂的遗传相互作用还不很清楚。然而,研究人员能够敲除一个单独的蚊子基因(响应一种病毒的存在),因此他们能够了解该基因的基本分子机制,以找到某种方法,用遗传学手段阻断蚊子的病毒感染。”
Franz解释说,在登革热病毒的情况下,阻断病毒在蚊子中复制的能力,会中断病毒的疾病周期,因此,人类被蚊子叮咬时不再被感染。
所以在未来我们可能使用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑系统对蚊子进行基因编辑,使它们不再携带登革热等疾病。
原文链接:
Heritable CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated genome Editing in the Yellow Fever Mosquito, Aedes aegypti
原文摘要:
In vivo targeted gene disruption is a powerful tool to study gene function. Thus far, two tools for genome editing in Aedes aegypti have been applied, zinc-finger nucleases (ZFN) and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN). As a promising alternative to ZFN and TALEN, which are difficult to produce and validate using standard molecular biological techniques, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated sequence 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system has recently been discovered as a "do-it-yourself" genome editing tool. Here, we describe the use of CRISPR/Cas9 in the mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti. In a transgenic mosquito line expressing both Dsred and enhanced cyan fluorescent protein (ECFP) from the eye tissue-specific 3xP3 promoter in separated but tightly linked expression cassettes, we targeted the ECFP nucleotide sequence for disruption. When supplying the Cas9 enzyme and two sgRNAs targeting different regions of the ECFP gene as in vitrotranscribed mRNAs for germline transformation, we recovered four different G1 pools (5.5% knockout efficiency) where individuals still expressed DsRed but no longer ECFP. PCR amplification, cloning, and sequencing of PCR amplicons revealed indels in the ECFP target gene ranging from 2-27 nucleotides. These results show for the first time that CRISPR/Cas9 mediated gene editing is achievable in Ae. aegypti, paving the way for further functional genomics related studies in this mosquito species.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122353
作者:Alexander W. E. Fran