以苏玉糯5号和渝糯7号为材料，研究了磷素施用（A：空白、B：一次性基施P2O5 75 kg hm-2、C：一次性基施P2O5150 kg hm-2、D：基施和拔节期追施P2O5各75 kg hm-2）对鲜食糯玉米产量、干物质和氮磷钾积累分配的影响。结果表明，每穗粒数、籽粒鲜重和干重随着磷素施用量增加均显著增加，鲜籽粒产量升高，且升幅以D处理高于C处理。随着磷素施用量增加，植株干物质和氮磷钾积累量均显著升高，但磷素施用量相同（P2O5150 kg hm-2）时分次施用较一次性基施植株干物质和氮磷钾积累量分别升高11.1%、16.2%、19.4%和34.5%。鲜食期植株干物质和磷素主要分配于籽粒和茎秆，氮素主要分配于籽粒和叶片，而钾素主要分配于茎秆和叶片。逐步回归分析结果表明，苞叶中干物质分配比例较低，茎秆中氮素分配比例较高，叶片和籽粒中磷素分配比例较高，叶片中钾素分配比例较高有利于糯玉米鲜籽粒高产。
英文摘要:
The effects of P2O5 application on waxy maize fresh grain yield, and accumulation and distribution of dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were studied. Four P2O5 application treatments, blank (A, without P2O5), P2O5 75 kg ha-1 at transplant time (B), P2O5 150 kg ha-1 at transplant time (C), P2O5 75 kg ha-1 at transplant time and P2O5 75 kg ha-1 at jointing stage (D), and two fresh waxy maize varieties (Suyunuo5 and Yunuo7) were adopted in the present trial. The results observed that with the increment of P2O5 amount, the grain number per ear, fresh and dry grain weight gradually increase, result in the increase of fresh grain yield, and the fresh grain yield were higher when apply both P2O5 75 kg ha-1 at transplanting time and P2O5 75 kg ha-1 at jointing stage than apply P2O5 150 kg ha-1 at transplanting time. The dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulation amount gradually increase with P2O5 rate raise, and the values of those four parameters were increased 11.1%, 16.2%, 19.4% and 34.5%, respectively when the 50% (P2O5 75 kg ha-1) were top-dressed at jointing stage than apply all (P2O5 150 kg ha-1) at transplanting time. At fresh stage, the dry matter and phosphorus were mainly located in grain and stem, nitrogen was mainly located in grain and leaf, while potassium was mainly located in stem and leaf, respectively. The results of stepwise regression analysis indicated the low distribution percentage in bract for dry matter, low percentage in stem for nitrogen, high percentage in leaf and grain for phosphorus, and high percentage in leaf for potassium would benefit for achieving high fresh grain yield of waxy maize.
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