Journal of Bryology:成都生物所包维楷研究组揭示N添加对藓类植物
苔藓植物学期刊Journal of Bryology发表成都生物所包维楷研究组的一篇研究论文,题为“Photosynthetic responses of two pleurocarpous mosses to low-level nitrogen addition: a study in an old-growth fir forest ”。
人类活动显著地改变了陆地生态系统中N的可利用性,并进一步对群落物种组成与生态系统功能产生影响。N沉降的增加可以从间接和直接两个方面对生物群落产生影响。间接的影响主要指N沉降对物种组成和群落结构的影响;直接主要指N沉降对植物生理活动产生的影响,是N沉降影响的主要方面。对维管植物的研究表明N沉降可以使植物光合速率增加。但N沉降增加对苔藓植物光合作用的研究尚较少。
林下地表苔藓植物是北方针叶林和亚高山森林生态系统中的优势层片。藓类,特别是大型侧蒴藓类,常在林下形成厚度达数十厘米的垫状藓层,盖度经常达到60%以上。藓类植物植株表面没有角质层,叶片常仅由单层细胞组成,因此藓类植物能高效吸收大气沉降的养分。藓类的各项生理活动也可能更容易受到大气N沉降增加的影响。开展林下藓类植物对N添加响应的研究,可以弥补目前的认识空白,为在全球变化的背景下预测森林生态系统的发展和演替动态提供依据。
为了揭示N添加后短期内苔藓植物的光合生理生态响应,中国科学院成都生物研究所恢复生态学学科组的刘鑫、王喆等研究人员在研究员包维楷的带领下,在黑水县达古冰川保护区的冷杉老龄林中开展了养分添加实验,并对林下两种优势藓类——锦丝藓和塔藓的光合速率等指标进行了测定。结果表明,在N添加后8天内,添加的N主要被两种藓类的当年生部分所吸收;两种藓类的叶绿素a、b的含量均显著增加;光系统II的量子产率也显著增加。然而,净光合速率却并未显著改变。塔藓的光合速率和叶绿素a含量等指标均高于锦丝藓,而SMA(Shoot Mass per Area)则低于锦丝藓,这表明生长速率较高的塔藓也具有较高的光合速率,且分配较少的资源到结构组织。实验证实了林下苔藓层对大气N沉降的敏感性和对沉降N较高的吸收能力以及两种生活型、生长型相似藓类在结构和生理上的差异;为进一步研究藓类光合与养分生理和预测森林生态系统的演替发展提供基础。
冷杉老龄林下苔藓层片
锦丝藓(左)和塔藓(右)
原文链接:
Photosynthetic responses of two pleurocarpous mosses to low-level nitrogen addition: a study in an old-growth fir forest
原文摘要:
We examined photosynthetic responses of two dominant pleurocarpous mosses, Actinothuidium hookeri(Mitt.) Broth. and Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) Schimp. to low-level nitrogen (N) addition. The study was conducted in an old-growth fir forest on the eastern Tibetan Plateau. The added N, 1 g N/m2, was mainly absorbed by the new-growth. The concentrations of chlorophyll a and b both increased 8 days after N addition. The quantum yield of Photosystem II (ΦPSII) also increased. However, no significant changes were found in terms of gas exchange parameters. The mass-based CO2 assimilation rate, chlorophyll a content, and chlorophyll a/b ratio (which is related to antenna size of the photosystem), of H. splendenswere all higher than those of A. hookeri. Shoot mass per area (SMA) of H. splendens was lower than that ofA. hookeri. We conclude that the photosynthetic rate was less sensitive to low-level N addition than chlorophyll contents and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, suggesting other limiting factors in the photosynthetic process. Additionally, the faster growing H. splendens has a higher photosynthetic capacity than A. hookeri, allocating fewer resources to structural tissue.
DOI:10.1179/1743282014Y.0000000122
作者:包维楷