PNAS :新型简单蛋白对细胞功能有积极作用
耶鲁大学的科学家研发了简单的新蛋白质,该蛋白几乎没有化学多样性,但仍然在细胞功能上发挥惊人的活性和特殊作用,造成细胞就像癌细胞一样。8月10日他们将此报告发表在PNAS上。
蛋白质具有各种功能,是所有生命所依赖的物质。它具有各种功能是因为有特定的大量的氨基酸序列,这些序列通常数百或数以千计。这些氨基酸的侧链显示非常大的化学多样性,形成了巨大数量的蛋白质结构,如产生生化反应的酶和载体蛋白如组织运输氧气的血红蛋白。
通过一个短小的病毒蛋白的研究提示,该病毒蛋白可横跨细胞膜并引起肿瘤,耶鲁团队设计的合成膜蛋白质只有26个氨基酸的长度。值得注意的是,他们的报告,他们已经新建的这些蛋白质序列仅有两种氨基酸侧链非常相似。尽管该蛋白非常简单,但是这些序列的一小部分具有生物活性,也可以通过遗传选择被隔离,这项研究的资深作者Daniel DiMaio博士,耶鲁大学癌症研究中心副主任,遗传学教授Waldemar Von Zedtwitz说 。
“我们已经创建了最简单的蛋白质,它们不仅具有活性,而且它们是独特的。它们可以在细胞中找到一个靶向目标并激活它,这样就导致细胞生长失控。”DiMaio说。“我们想知道是否在细胞中有类似的蛋白质因为它们的简单而一直被忽视,其中一些可能会导致癌症。或许有时候需要重新思考什么才是一个活性蛋白质。”
DiMaio补充说,合成生物制剂,包括积极研制新药和潜在的新药,可以来源于学习这些简单的蛋白质。
原文标题:BioLogically active LIL proteins built with minimal chemical diversity
原文摘要:We have constructed 26-amino acid transmembrane proteins that specifically transform cells but consist of only two different amino acids. Most proteins are long polymers of amino acids with 20 or more chemically distinct side-chains. The artificial transmembrane proteins reported here are the simplest known proteins with specific biological activity, consisting solely of an initiating methionine followed by specific sequences of leucines and isoleucines, two hydrophobic amino acids that differ only by the position of a methyl group. We designate these proteins containing leucine (L) and isoleucine (I) as LIL proteins. These proteins functionally interact with the transmembrane domain of the platelet-derived growth factor β-receptor and specifically activate the receptor to transform cells. Complete mutagenesis of these proteins identified individual amino acids required for activity, and a protein consisting solely of leucines, except for a single isoleucine at a particular position, transformed cells. These surprisingly simple proteins define the minimal chemical diversity sufficient to construct proteins with specific biological activity and change our view of what can constitute an active protein in a cellular context.
作者:阳光森林