玉米自交系氮利用效率评价是培育耐低氮与氮高效利用玉米杂交种的重要研究内容。本研究以籽粒产量的氮敏感指数和耐低氮系数为评价指标并结合株高、ASI值和吐丝期等二级性状，对我国玉米育种与生产上重要的 189 份玉米自交系进行氮利用效率评价。方差分析结果表明，低氮与正常供氮条件下，籽粒产量均存在极显著的基因型与环境差异，基因型差异是氮利用效率差异的重要原因之一。将正常供氮条件下的性状值与低氮胁迫下性状值的差值占正常供氮条件下性状值的百分比定义为氮敏感性，正常供氮条件下的性状值与低氮胁迫下性状值的比值定义为耐低氮系数。189份玉米自交系产量的平均氮敏感指数为40.32%，平均耐低氮系数为0.597。玉米自交系的耐低氮系数鉴定结果与氮敏感指数鉴定结果完全一致，表现高度耐低氮的材料有齐205和沈137等40份，高度敏感的材料有QB80和CML206等41份。本研究提供了一种简便的玉米自交系氮利用效率鉴定与评价方法，并为玉米耐低氮与氮高效育种的遗传育种提供了重要分析结果与基础数据。
英文摘要:
Evaluation of the nitrogen use efficiency of maize inbred lines is an important content to develop maize hybrids for low nitrogen tolerance and nitrogen used efficiency. In this research, nitrogen sensitive index, nitrogen tolerance coefficient of grain yield and 3 second traits such as plant height, anthesis to silking interval (ASI) and silking day were used to investigate the nitrogen use efficiency of 189 maize inbred lines, which were widely used into maize breeding programs and corn production in China. The variance analysis results showed that the grain yield was significantly difference of genotype and environment in both the low and normal nitrogen treatments. The genetic variance was one of the most important reasons of the difference in nitrogen sensitivity among inbred lines. We defined the nitrogen sensitive index as the ratio of the difference between normal nitrogen trait value and low nitrogen trait value versus the normal nitrogen trait value and the nitrogen tolerance coefficient as the ratio of low nitrogen trait value and the normal nitrogen trait value. The average nitrogen sensitive index and nitrogen tolerance coefficient were 40.32% and 0.597 among 189 inbred lines respectively. Forty inbred lines such as Qi 205 and Shen 137 are highly low-nitrogen resistant materials. While, 41 inbred lines out of them such as QB 80 and CML206 are highly sensitive materials. This study has provided a convenient way for identifying and evaluating maize inbred lines, and provided some basic and important data for maize breeding for nitrogen use efficiency and low nitrogen tolerance.
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