PNAS：气候与儿童期营养不良有关?

摘要 : 德国海德堡大学公共卫生研究所发布最新研究报告，尽管此前的研究已经证明了在气候因素和儿童期营养不良之间的一种相关性，可能需要基于原始数据的进一步研究从而理解气候与营养之间的关系。


德国海德堡大学公共卫生研究所发布最新研究报告，尽管此前的研究已经证明了在气候因素和儿童期营养不良之间的一种相关性，可能需要基于原始数据的进一步研究从而理解气候与营养之间的关系。政府间气候变化委员会和世界卫生组织都报告了营养不良是气候变化对人类健康的最显著的影响之一。Revati K. Phalkey及其同事评议了15项探索气候/天气变化性、农作物产量和营养不良之间的联系的研究。12项研究报告了在天气变量与儿童期营养不良之间的一种显著联系，而8项研究报告了暴露在诸如干旱或洪水等极端天气事件中与营养不良之间的显著相关性。得到研究的其他因素包括温度、农田面积、农作物产量、家庭尺寸的效应、社会-经济状态和人口统计学变量。来自巴布亚新几内亚的一项研究报告说，家庭社会经济因素比环境或农业因素更好地预测了儿童期营养不良。这组作者说，尽管这些研究的80%报告了在一个或多个天气变量与营养不良之间具有一种相关性，为了验证气候变化对儿童的健康和成长的影响，特别是依赖于自给农业的家庭，需要进行基于诸如农业、环境、社会经济和健康相关因素等一系列家庭层次上的因素的长期原始数据的进一步研究。

原文链接：

Systematic review of current efforts to quantify the impacts of climate change on undernutrition

原文摘要：

Malnutrition is a challenge to the health and productivity of populations and is viewed as one of the five largest adverse health impacts of climate change. Nonetheless, systematic evidence quantifying these impacts is currently limited. Our aim was to assess the scientific evidence base for the impact of climate change on childhood undernutrition (particularly stunting) in subsistence farmers in low- and middle-income countries. A systematic review was conducted to identify peer-reviewed and gray full-text documents in English with no limits for year of publication or study design. Fifteen manuscripts were reviewed. Few studies use primary data to investigate the proportion of stunting that can be attributed to climate/weather variability. Although scattered and limited, current evidence suggests a significant but variable link between weather variables, e.g., rainfall, extreme weather events (floods/droughts), seasonality, and temperature, and childhood stunting at the household level (12 of 15 studies, 80%). In addition, we note that agricultural, socioeconomic, and demographic factors at the household and individual levels also play substantial roles in mediating the nutritional impacts. Comparable interdisciplinary studies based on primary data at a household level are urgently required to guide effective adaptation, particularly for rural subsistence farmers. Systemization of data collection at the global level is indispensable and urgent. We need to assimilate data from long-term, high-quality agricultural, environmental, socioeconomic, health, and demographic surveillance systems and develop robust statistical methods to establish and validate causal links, quantify impacts, and make reliable predictions that can guide evidence-based health interventions in the future.

doi: 10.1073/PNAS.1409769112

作者：Revati K. Phalkey

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