Plant and Soil：中科院昆明植物所发表矿山废弃地土壤微生物群落
中科院昆明植物研究所许建初课题组在国际植物与土壤期刊plant and Soil发表以Indigenous trees restore soil microbial biomass at faster rates than exotic species为题的文章，介绍矿山废弃地土壤微生物群落响应研究进展。
土壤微生物是维持土壤健康的重要部分，它们在土壤有机质及其他有害化合物的分解、生物化学循环和土壤结构的形成过程中起调节作用。土壤微生物群落的特征能敏感地反映土壤质量的变化，是评价土壤健康状况不可缺少的指标。
矿山废弃地区植被复垦是国际上备受关注的研究领域。土壤健康是评估植被复垦效果的关键指标，直接影响复垦后土壤生态系统的稳定性。然而，人们对矿区土壤复垦效果大多强调的是土壤理化性质，而对土壤微生物群落的响应缺乏研究。本研究得到 “十二五”国家科技支撑计划子课题(2013BAB07B06-1)的支持。
中国科学院昆明植物研究所东亚植物多样性与生物地理学重点实验室、世界农用林业中心(ICRAF)东亚中亚区域办公室以及云南磷化集团合作在云南昆阳磷矿开展了相关研究。科研人员选取了不同的复垦植物——外来树种蓝桉树(Eucalyptus globulus)、本地树种巨柏(Cupressus torulosa)和云南松(Pinus yunnanensis)，结合不同修复年代序列(2年、23年和30年)，采用磷脂脂肪酸的方法研究了土壤中的微生物群落结构组成及多样性的特征，并比较这些特征与开采区和自然植被区的土壤群落特征的差异。研究发现，植被修复区的土壤的有机碳及其他养分含量显著高于开采区。经过植被修复后，土壤微生物的多样性显著提高，群落结构组成也恢复到自然植被区的相似水平。另外，与外来树种相比，本地树种能够更快地提高土壤的氮含量和微生物生物量。土壤微生物多样性随着植被恢复的年代增加而提高。研究结果表明，土壤微生物群落特征可以作为生态恢复的土壤健康指示，而本地树种对于土壤微生物的恢复比外来树种的速度更快，从而揭示了树种选择在生态修复管理中的重要性。
图1 不同树种及恢复年代下土壤微生物群落多样性的响应
图2 不同树种及恢复年代下土壤微生物群落结构组成的响应
原文链接：
Indigenous trees restore soil microbial biomass at faster rates than exotic species
原文摘要：
Background and aims
Microbial community characterization is used as a disturbance indicator for soils. However, there is little evidence on the response of soil microbes to restoration. We aim to study the effects of restoration, using different trees, on soil communities and document temporal changes.
Methods
On a phosphate mine in Yunnan Province, China we selected sites with different restoration ages (2, 23, and 30 years) and tree species (Eucalyptus globulus (exotic), Cupressus torulosa, Pinus yunnanensis (both indigenous)). Control sites included natural land, and disturbed sites without vegetation. Soil microbial communities were characterized using Phospholipid-derived fatty acids analysis. Soil nutrients concentrations were analysed.
Results
Compared to control sites, disturbed soils exhibited significantly lower microbial diversity, bacterial biomass, soil organic carbon and nutrient concentrations. Recultivation with trees restored the soil microbial communities to a state similar to natural soils. Indigenous trees increased soil N concentration, and microbial biomass at a faster rate than the exotic Eucalyptus trees. Soil microbial diversity increased with plantation age.
Conclusion
Soil communities can be used as soil health indicators in restoration monitoring. Additionally, soil microbial communities recovered fastest under indigenous compared to exotic trees, which further underlines the importance of tree species selection in restoration management.
DOI：10.1007/s11104-015-2570-x
作者：昆明植物所
