通过盆栽试验,探讨棉秆炭对灰漠土玉米生长以及氮素利用的影响。通过设置氮素0 mg/kg(N0)、150 mg/kg(N150)、200 mg/kg(N200)3水平,棉秆炭占土壤质量分数的0.0%(BC0)、0.5%(BC0.5)、1.0%(BC1.0)、2.0%(BC2.0)四水平,研究棉秆炭与氮肥对作物生长及氮素利用的作用效果。结果表明：(1)添加棉秆炭抑制了玉米器官的生长和生物量积累,相比不施氮肥(N0)处理,生物量降低幅度为4.98%(BC1.0)-17.36%(BC0.5),氮肥与棉秆炭配施则提高了玉米器官的生长和生物量积累,提高幅度为0.77%(N200和BC0.5)-7.60%(N200和BC2.0)之间,但不同棉秆炭处理间差异不明显；(2)添加棉秆炭促进了玉米根系生长,提高了根冠比,增加氮素对玉米根冠比的影响不明显；同时,添加棉秆炭抑制了玉米根、茎、叶、玉米棒以及植株吸氮量,增加施氮量抑制作用将逐步降低；(3)施入棉秆炭降低了氮肥吸收效率,提高了氮肥表观利用率,相比BC0处理,BC2.0氮肥吸收效率降低了2.50%(N150)和4.96%(N200),氮肥表观利用率提高了8.48%(BC1.0和N150)和7.49%(BC0.5和N200),过量的棉秆炭可能降低氮肥表观利用率。因此,棉秆炭与氮素配施才能有利于玉米干物质积累以及氮素利用,具体的配施比例还需深入研究。
英文摘要:
Investigate the effects of cotton stalk biochar on maize growth and nitrogen absorption in grey desert soil by a pot experiment. And study the action effect of cotton stalk biochar and nitrogen on crop growth and nitrogen absorption by the three nitrogen levels of 0 mg/kg (N0), 150 mg/kg (N150) and 200 mg/kg (N200) and four levels of cotton stalk biochar account for mass fractions of soil at 0.0% (BC0), 0.5% (BC0.5), 1.0% (BC1.0) and 2.0% (BC2.0). The results showed: (1) The growth of Maize organs and biomass accumulation is suppressed by the addition of cotton stalk biochar, and the decrease in biomass accumulation ranged from 4.98% (BC1.0) to 17.36% (BC0.5) compared with treatment of no nitrogen fertilizer (N0), while the growth of maize organs and biomass accumulation were increased with nitrogen fertilizer and cotton stalk biochar, and increase from 0.77% (N200 and BC0.5) to 7.60% (N200 and BC2.0), but the difference was insignificant as different treatment of cotton stalk biochar. (2)Cotton stalk biochar promote growth of maize root and increase the root-shoot ratio, and has no obvious on root-shoot ratio with nitrogen fertilizer applied; At the same time, the nitrogen uptake of root, stem, leaf, corn cob and maize plants are suppressed by the addition of cotton stalk biochar, and the inhibition of nitrogen uptake decreased gradually with increase of nitrogen fertilizer applied. (3) Cotton stalk biochar applied reduce nitrogen recovery efficiency and increase nitrogen apparent efficiency, and nitrogen recovery efficiency of BC2.0 decreased by2.50% (N150) and 4.96% (N200) compared with treatment of BC0, and nitrogen apparent efficiency increased by 8.48% (BC1.0 and N150) and 7.49% (BC0.5 and N200), and reduced nitrogen apparent efficiency in excess of cotton stalk biochar applied. So, cotton stalk biochar and nitrogen fertilizer cooperating application are beneficial to dry matter accumulation of maize and nitrogen absorption, and more researches are need to be performed to confirm the concrete rational ratio.
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