施氮对砂姜黑土区不同玉米品种产量构成、氮素利用及节氮潜力的影响
本文通过田间试验研究了不同施氮水平对当前玉米生产中几个主推品种在砂姜黑土区的产量、产量构成因素、氮素利用及节氮增产潜力的影响。结果表明,施氮显著提高各玉米品种的籽粒产量,而对收获指数的影响相对较小；施氮显著增加行粒数、穗长及穗粗,增幅分别为22.5%~66.9%、16.8%~50.5%和9.4%~29.7%,且N120与N240之间无明显差异；各玉米品种的氮肥农学利用率和氮肥偏生产力均表现为N120显著高于N240,平均值分别是N240的1.89倍和1.96倍；LY13和ZD958的节氮增产潜力明显高于其它品种。综合分析认为,适宜在胶东砂姜黑土区推广的玉米品种排序为LY13＞ZD958＞XD20＞XY335＞LN14＞XF32D22。
英文摘要:
A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of three nitrogen level on yield, yield components, nitrogen utilization and the potential of saving nitrogen and increasing yield of several main popularized maize varieties in present production in lime concretion black soil region. The results showed that the grain yields of different maize varieties were significantly increased by nitrogen application, but N-fertilizer had comparatively less effect on harvest index. Row grains, ear length and ear diameter were significantly enhanced by N fertilization. Compared with treatment N0, they improved by 22.5%~66.9%, 16.8%~50.5% and 9.4%~29.7%, respectively, and there were no significant differences between treatment N120 and treatment N240. Both nitrogen agronomic efficiency and nitrogen partial factor productivity of all varieties were behaved as that treatment N120 were significantly higher than treatment N240, and the average value of six varieties under N120 level were 1.89 and 1.96 times of that of treatment N240, respectively. The potential of saving nitrogen and increasing yield of LY13 and ZD958 was better than other varieties. It is proposed that maize varieties which popularized in large area in lime concretion black soil region of Jiaodong peninsula arranged as LY13＞ZD958＞XD20＞XY335＞LN14＞XF32D22.
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