以40份西南地区玉米地方品种群体为材料，对Waxy基因第9外显子和第14外显子之间的DNA序列进行测序；用DNAMAN 6软件，将测序得到的40条序列与GenBank中来自普通玉米、小颖玉米、墨西哥玉米和二倍体多年生玉米的20条同源序列作比对分析；采用Tajima、Fu和Li的方法进行种群内基因平衡进化检验；基于Waxy基因序列变异，采用最大似然法（ML）构建系统树。结果表明：来自西南地区四川、重庆、云南和贵州的玉米地方品种群体分别有180、152、163和164个多态性位点，供试种群遗传多态性指数的大小排序为小颖玉米、四川地方品种、墨西哥玉米、二倍体多年生玉米、重庆地方品种、贵州地方品种、云南地方品种和普通玉米，Tajima，D、Fu and Li，D和Fu and Li，F检验表明Waxy基因是中性进化基因。比较种群间Waxy基因序列的共有多态性和固有差异，玉米地方品种与墨西哥玉米和二倍体多年生玉米间存在较高的固有差异和较低的共有多态性。Waxy基因的系统演化分析结果表明，小颖玉米、普通玉米和玉米地方品种有相近的遗传关系，小颖玉米是普通玉米和玉米地方品种的共同祖先。本研究结果为玉蜀黍属内的种群分类及我国西南地区玉米地方品种演化提供依据。
英文摘要:
Using 40 maize landrace populations from southwest China, a portion of Waxy was sequenced. The
homologous sequences from 20 samples representing common maize, Z. mays ssp. parviglumis, Z. mays ssp. mexicana, and Z diploperennis from Genbank were downloaded. A sequence alignment was performed with DNAMAN 6. A test of the neutral evolution model, including Tajima\&\#39\;s Fu and Li\&\#39\;s D statistic, was carried out using methods ofTajima and Fu and Li. On the basis of Waxy sequence variations, the phylogenic tree was constructed by the Maximum Likelihood method (ML). Relationships between ancestral and derived haplotypes were analyzed by phylogenetic network reconstruction. We detected 180, 152, 163 and 164 polymorphism sites in maize landraces from Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan, and Guizhou, respectively. Based on estimates of per base pair and per base pair, the highest level of sequence variation was found in Z. mays ssp. parviglumis, followed in turn by maize landraces from Sichuan, Z. mays ssp. Mexicana, Z diploperennis, landraces from Chongqing, landraces from Guizhou, landraces from Yunnan, and common maize. The test of Tajima\&\#39\;s and Fu and Li\&\#39\;s D statistic for Waxy gene was notsignificant in the 8 taxa, suggesting that neutrality cannot be rejected. In comparison, more fixed differences than shared polymorphisms between maize landraces and both Z. mays ssp. Mexicana and Z diploperennis were found. The genealogical analysis indicated that Z. mays ssp. parviglumis, together with common maize and maize landraces, were genetically not distinct and common maize and maize landraces were derived from Z. mays ssp. parviglumis. This also provided the evidence for the genus Zea taxonomy, as well as the introduction path of maize in China.
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