为探索同一玉米品种在不同地区进行DUS测试观测其量测数量性状表达变异的情况，以广泛被用作近似品种的玉米杂交种郑单958为材料，对2012-2013年在7个不同玉米DUS测试地点12个量测数量性状的观测结果进行方差分析、主成分分析和双标图分析。结果表明：各个数量性状在年份间差异均不显著，地点间的差异明显高于年份间，并且部分性状达到极显著差异，差异越显著的性状越不稳定，却是评价环境对郑单958影响的重要指标，而雄穗最低位侧枝以上主轴长度和最高位侧枝以上主轴长度等2个性状最稳定，可被用作区分或描述品种的“可靠性状”。郑单958在以哈尔滨、公主岭、乌鲁木齐为代表的高纬度地区具有表型值大、生育期长等特点，随着纬度降低各性状表型值有递减的趋势，但抽穗期在杨凌、济南等中等纬度（34°N～36°N）地区表现最短，即由营养生长转向生殖生长最早，叶片宽度最窄。对于抽穗期等稳定性较差但较重要的性状适宜安排在该品种所在生态区的测试点进行测试，使其测试性状得以真实表现。
英文摘要:
In order to find the variation of quantitative characteristics of maize in different ecological environments through DUS test, we selected a hybrid maize variety “Zhengdan 958” which also widely used as a similar variety in DUS test as material, planted in 7differenet locations two years, did variance analysis, principal components analysis and biplot analysis based on 13 quantitative characteristics. The results of variance analysis showed that there were no significant difference between years in these quantitative characteristics, and there were significant or extremely significant difference between locations. The more significant differences these characteristics have, the lower stabilities they have while they were more useful to evaluate the effects of environments on Zhengdan 958. Characteristics Lol and Loh could be used as ‘reliable trait’ in variety differentiation or description because of their high stability. Zhengdan958 got high values of these characteristics and long growth period in high latitude area such as HEB, GZL and URMQ. It seemed that the phenotype values became lower with the latitude decreasing. However, the lowest value of Toa, Tos and Wob existed in mid-latitude area (34°N～36°N) such as YL and JN, which meant it started earlier from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. Above all, to those characteristic with low stability but high importance like Toa, Tos and so on, it would be better tested in the same ecological area of applicant variety to make sure a real expression.
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