Cell:昼夜节律控制代谢受到极其严格的调控
24小时昼夜节律在几乎所有的生物体中控制了一些基本的生理功能。生物钟是人体内在的时间跟踪系统,其能够预期环境变化并使自身适应每天适当的时间。这些节律发生改变可对人体健康产生深远的影响。多达15%的人体基因受到生理节律昼夜模式的调控;肝脏中近50%与代谢信号通路相关的基因受到这些节律的影响。
SIRT1和SIRT6属于一组称作为sirtuins的蛋白质家族,sirtuins参与了对基因组的表观遗传控制,帮助调控了细胞内从维持细胞健康、脂质储存到能量消耗等许多重要的生物过程。由于对代谢和长寿的影响,sirtuins得到了广泛的研究。
为了揭示SIRT1和SIRT6独立于彼此发挥作用的机制,加州大学欧文分校生物化学教授Paolo Sassone-Corsi以及博士后学者Selma Masri对两组小鼠进行了测试:一组小鼠肝脏中的SIRT1被敲除,另一组小鼠肝脏中的SIRT6丧失功能。
科学家们了解到,这两种sirtuins致力于控制不同的基因组区域,有数百个基因依赖于SIRT1,而另外数百个基因则依赖于SIRT6。Sassone-Corsi说,这导致了一些代谢信号通路和生理功能独特的分区。
他补充说,这些研究结果为开展更深入的研究,推动设计出靶向SIRT1或SIRT6特异性代谢功能和病理的药理学策略铺平了道路。
原文摘要:
Partitioning Circadian Transcription by SIRT6 Leads to Segregated Control of Cellular Metabolism
Selma Masri, Paul Rigor, Marlene Cervantes, Nicholas Ceglia, Carlos Sebastian, Cuiying Xiao, Manuel Roqueta-Rivera, Chuxia Deng,Timothy F. Osborne, Raul Mostoslavsky, Pierre Baldi, Paolo Sassone-Corsi
Circadian rhythms are intimately linked to cellular metabolism. Specifically, the NAD+-dependent deacetylase SIRT1, the founding member of the sirtuin family, contributes to clock function. Whereas SIRT1 exhibits diversity in deacetylation targets and subcellular localization, SIRT6 is the only constitutively chromatin-associated sirtuin and is prominently present at transcriptionally active genomic loci. Comparison of the hepatic circadian transcriptomes reveals that SIRT6 and SIRT1 separately control transcriptional specificity and therefore define distinctly partitioned classes of circadian genes. SIRT6 interacts with CLOCK:BMAL1 and, differently from SIRT1, governs their chromatin recruitment to circadian gene promoters. Moreover, SIRT6 controls circadian chromatin recruitment of SREBP-1, resulting in the cyclic regulation of genes implicated in fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism. This mechanism parallels a phenotypic disruption in fatty acid metabolism in SIRT6 null mice as revealed by circadian metabolome analyses. Thus, genomic partitioning by two independent sirtuins contributes to differential control of circadian metabolism.
作者:生物帮