PNAS:新石器时代通向欧洲的路径的遗传证据
欧洲人的基因组表现出了在公元前3.5万年前殖民欧洲的旧石器时代人与在公元前大约9000年到达欧洲的新石器时代人的混合的证据。考古学家已经提出,一个海洋殖民路径是一条可能的路径,尽管几乎没有支持它的物质证据。
为了研究新石器时代人进入欧洲的路径,George Stamatoyannopoulos及其同事研究了来自欧洲、近东以及北非的将近1000人的DNA样本。这组作者分析了这些样本的称为单核苷酸多态的遗传变异,他们发现遗传特征随着地理发生变化,欧洲人和非洲人群之间的遗传差异沿着地中海自东向西增加。
网络分析提示,新石器时代殖民的最可能路径从近东经过如今是希腊的一部分的多德卡尼斯群岛和克里特群岛,然后穿过南欧。这组作者说,这些结果提示,尽管地中海北部沿海充当了新石器时代人的一条移民走廊,地中海在其北方和南方沿海之间充当了一个基因流的屏障。
原文摘要:
Maritime route of colonization of Europe
Peristera Paschou, Petros Drineas, Evangelia Yannaki, Anna Razou, Katerina Kanaki,Fotis Tsetsos, Shanmukha Sampath Padmanabhuni, Manolis Michalodimitrakis, Maria C. Renda,Sonja Pavlovic, Achilles Anagnostopoulos, John A. Stamatoyannopoulos, Kenneth K. Kidd andgeorge Stamatoyannopoulos
The Neolithic populations, which colonized Europe approximately 9,000 y ago, presumably migrated from Near East to Anatolia and from there to Central Europe through Thrace and the Balkans. An alternative route would have been island hopping across the Southern European coast. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed genome-wide DNA polymorphisms on populations bordering the Mediterranean coast and from Anatolia and mainland Europe. We observe a striking structure correlating GENEs with geography around the Mediterranean Sea with characteristic east to west clines of gene flow. Using population network analysis, we also find that the gene flow from Anatolia to Europe was through Dodecanese, Crete, and the Southern European coast, compatible with the hypothesis that a maritime coastal route was mainly used for the migration of Neolithic farmers to Europe.
作者:eurekalert