上海交大在Plant Cell揭示水稻花药发育新机制
上海交通大学生命科学技术学院梁婉琪研究员领衔的研究小组在最近的研究中,揭示了水稻花药中由三个bHLH蛋白TIP2, TDR和EAT1组成的级联调控体系,该体系在水稻花药壁细胞层分化、发育和降解等关键节点中起到转换开关的作用。相关文章发表于2014年4月23日的《The Plant Cell》杂志上。
花粉在植物雄性生殖器官花药中发育成熟,早期花药原基中造孢细胞通过一系列的细胞分裂、分化过程,形成花粉的前体细胞-小孢子母细胞和围绕在外面的三层营养组织。这三层营养组织和最外层表皮对小孢子母细胞起到重要的保护作用,同时为其发育提供必要的物质和营养保障,一旦营养组织和表皮不能正常发育将会影响花粉的形成,最终可能会导致雄性不育系的产生。
梁婉琪带领研究小组分离鉴定到了水稻中一个新的bHLH家族转录因子TIP2,该基因参与控制花药发育早期花药壁内三层细胞的分裂分化行为。TIP2在早期花药营养细胞层中特异表达,tip2突变体花药壁的内三层不能正常分化,后期中层和绒毡层不能正常降解,导致小孢子母细胞发育停滞。在内三层营养细胞层分裂完成后,TIP2通过激活另一个bHLH转录因子TDR,并与TDR形成蛋白复合体促进绒毡层的细胞分化。在小孢子母细胞完成减数分裂后,TIP2促进第三个bHLH转录因子EAT1的基因表达,TDR与EAT1形成新的蛋白复合体调节绒毡层的程序性死亡过程。该项研究揭示了水稻花药中由三个bHLH蛋白TIP2, TDR和EAT1组成的级联调控体系,该体系在水稻花药壁细胞层分化、发育和降解等关键节点中起到转换开关的作用。
花药发育和花粉形成是植物完成世代交替的重要环节,认识植物花药发育的分子机制,对于农业生产中作物杂交育种具有重要意义。该项研究工作进一步丰富了对植物生殖发育机制和调控网络的理解,也为水稻的杂交育种提供了新的基因资源。
原文摘要:
Zhenzhen Fu, Jing Yu, Xiaowei Cheng, Xu Zong, Jie Xu, Mingjiao Chen,Zongyun Li, DABIng Zhang and Wanqi Liang
In male reproductive development in plants, meristemoid precursor cells possessing transient, stem cell–like features undergo cell divisions and differentiation to produce the anther, the male reproductive organ. The anther contains centrally positioned microsporocytes surrounded by four distinct layers of wall: the epidermis, endothecium, middle layer, and tapetum. Here, we report that the rice (Oryza sativa) basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) protein TDR INTERACTING PROTEIN2 (TIP2) functions as a crucial switch in the meristemoid transition and differentiation during early anther development. The tip2 mutants display undifferentiated inner three anther wall layers and abort tapetal programmed cell death, causing complete male sterility. TIP2 has two paralogs in rice, TDR and EAT1, which are key regulators of tapetal programmed cell death. We revealed that TIP2 acts upstream of TDR and EAT1 and directly regulates the expression of TDR and EAT1. In addition, TIP2 can interact with TDR, indicating a role of TIP2 in later anther development. Our findings suggest that the bHLHproteins TIP2, TDR, and EAT1 play a central role in regulating differentiation, morphogenesis, and degradation of anther somatic cell layers, highlighting the role of paralogous bHLH proteins in regulating distinct steps of plant cell–type determination.
作者:上海交大