新疆生态所利用转基因技术培育出更强的抗旱性棉花

新疆是棉花的主产区。在棉花主栽区，干旱和土壤盐渍化是影响棉花产量的主要因素。在严重干旱情况下，棉花会出现生长缓慢以及落蕾落铃等现象，从而严重影响棉花的生产。随着该区淡水资源的逐年匮乏和气候变暖，采用转基因技术培育耐旱棉花具有重要的战略意义。

目前，棉花的转基因工作主要集中在抗虫棉方面，而采用转基因技术创制耐旱棉花的工作在国内外尚处起步阶段，国内外仅见几例获得耐旱性提高转基因棉花的报道。

中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所研究员张道远课题组，通过从耐旱灌木白花柽柳中克隆得到TaMnSOD基因，利用转基因技术遗传转化到新疆主载棉花品种中，获得T4代转基因株系，通过形态及生理生化检测证实转基因株系具备更强的抗旱性。有关大田节水试验正在进一步进行当中。研究为新疆棉花育种提供了抗旱性能显著提高的转基因棉花新材料，加快了新疆抗旱棉花新品种培育进程。相关成果发表在molecular breeding上。

原文摘要：

Overexpression of Tamarix albiflonumTaMnSOD increases drought tolerance in transgenic cotton

Dao-Yuan Zhang, Hong-Lan Yang, Xiao-Shuang Li, Hai-Yan Li, Yu-Chen Wang

Drought is a major environmental stress that limits cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production worldwide. TaMnSOD plays a crucial role as a peroxidation scavenger. In this study, TaMnSODcDNA of Tamarix albiflonum was overexpressed in the cotton cultivar fy11 by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. The transformed plants were assessed by gDNA PCR, RT-PCR and DNA gel blot analysis. The physiological and biochemical characters of two independent transgenic lines and control plants were tested and compared, and the morphological traits (biomass, root and lateral root length, leaf number) were also detected after recovery from water-withholding stress. When water was withheld from pot-grown 6-week-old seedlings for 18 days (watering to 8 % of field capacity), transgenic cotton plants accumulated more proline and soluble sugar than wild-type plants (WT). The activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and peroxidase was enhanced in transgenic plants under drought stress. Cell membrane integrity was also considerably improved under water stress, as indicated by reduced malondialdehyde content relative to control plants. Furthermore, net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were increased in transgenic plants compared with wild type. Transgenic cotton showed increases in biomass as well as root and leaf systems compared with WT after 2 weeks recovery from stress. These results suggest that TaMnSOD transgenic cotton plants acquired improved drought tolerance through enhanced development of the root and leaf system and the regulation of superoxide scavenging.

标签: 转基因技术 抗旱性棉花 T4代转基因株系 TaMnSOD基因

作者：中科院

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