PNAS:澳大利亚科学家发现病毒小RNA能够抑制登革病毒复制

每年有超过100个国家报道了近100百万例登革病毒(Dengue virus,DENV)感染性疾病,包括50万例登革出血热。伊蚊属的埃及伊蚊(Aedes aegypti)和白纹伊蚊(Aedes albopictus)是DENV的主要传播者。micrornA(miRNA)是一类具有调控功能的小RNA,在众多的细胞过程中发挥重要作用。在宿主和病原体间无休止的“军备竞赛”中,病毒也会编码miRNA帮助其成功的侵染。

为寻找DENV编码的功能性miRNA或病毒小RNA(vsRNAs),来自澳大利亚昆士兰大学的研究团队采用小RNA测序技术对DENV侵染的A. aegypti中的小RNA表达谱进行了深入挖掘和功能分析,研究成果发表在近期的PNAS上。

研究人员首先构建了2个小RNA文库,分别来自DENV侵染的A. aegypti和对照的A. aegypti,并用高通量测序技术分析其中可能来自DENV编码的小RNA(小RNA测序项目由联川生物承担完成)。

测序共发现了484条不同长度分布的vsRNAs,筛选出了6个vsRNAs,它们的候选茎环结构位于病毒基因组RNA的5′与3′非翻译区。为找出这6个vsRNAs对病毒RNA复制的影响,研究人员合成了与之对应的inhibitor进行抑制实验,结果发现只在抑制DENV-vsRNA-5时,会导致病毒复制的显著增加。

通过沉默RNAi/miRNA通路相关的蛋白,发现Argonaute 2主要参与了DENV-vsRNA-5的生物合成。通过前体茎环的克隆,免疫共沉淀,对RNAi通路缺陷C6/36细胞(来自A. albopictus)以及哺乳Vero细胞系(非洲绿猴)中病毒小rna检测和分析,均证实了DENV-vsRNA-5的存在。

不仅如此,通过分析DENV-vsRNA-5的mimics和inhibitor对DENV RNA表达水平的影响,也揭示出DENV-vsRNA-5在病毒自我调节中的作用,该小RNA可靶向调控DENV的非结构蛋白1基因。值得注意的是,来自DENV血清型1和4,而非3的DENV-vsRNA-5同源mimics可以抑制DENV-2的复制。

上述研究结果表明,DENV可以编码功能性vsRNAs,其中的一个病毒小RNA,有类似于miRNA的功能,可以特异地靶向调控病毒基因。这为未来使用小RNA抑制DENV复制开辟了一条新途径。

原文摘要:

MicroRNA-like viral small RNA from Dengue virus 2 autoregulates its replication in mosquito cells

Mazhar Hussain and Sassan Asgari

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs that play significant roles in most cellular processes. In the seemingly endless arms race between hosts and pathogens, viruses also encode miRNAs that facilitate successful infection. In search of functional miRNAs or viral small RNAs (vsRNAs) encoded by Dengue virus (DENV), deep sequencing data of virus-infected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes were used. From six vsRNAs, with candidate stem-loop structures in the 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions of the viral genomic RNA, inhibition of DENV–vsRNA-5 led to significant increases in viral replication. Silencing of RNA interference (RNAi)/miRNA pathways’ associated proteins showed that Argonaute 2 is mainly involved in DENV–vsRNA-5 biogenesis. Cloning of the precursor stem loop, immunoprecipitations, ectopic expression and detection in RNAi-deficient C6/36, and the mammalian Vero cell lines further confirmed DENV–vsRNA-5 production. Furthermore, significant impact of synthetic mimic and inhibitor of DENV–vsRNA-5 on DENV RNA levels revealed DENV–vsRNA-5’s role in virus autoregulation by targeting the virus nonstructural protein 1 gene. Notably, DENV–vsRNA-5 homologous mimics from DENV serotypes 1 and 4, but not 3, inhibited DENV-2 replication. The results revealed that DENV is able to encode functional vsRNAs, and one of those, which resembles miRNAs, specifically targets a viral gene, opening an avenue for possible utilization of the small RNA to limit DENV replication.

标签: 病毒基因 病毒小RNA 登革病毒复制

作者:联川生物

;