Nature Genetics:韩国首次完成辣椒高质量参照基因组测序

最近,韩国首尔国立大学的一个科学家团队完成了针对辣椒的首次高质量参照基因组测序。相关文章发表于2014年1月19日的《Nature genetics》杂志上。



Nature Genetics:韩国首次完成辣椒高质量参照基因组测序

辣椒是全球种植范围最广的香料作物之一,在许多药物、化妆品和食物中都扮演着重要角色。人们都了解该作物中所谓的辣椒素可以起到香料的作用,不过至今与辣椒的辛辣有关的基因还是未知。最近,一个科学家团队完成了针对辣椒的首次高质量参照基因组测序。科学家通过对比辣椒和其近亲植物的基因组,在两种植物中都发现了可产生刺激性辣椒素的基因。番茄中含有该基因的4种无功能副本,辣椒中则有7种无功能副本和1种可起作用的该基因副本。

研究人员认为,辣椒中产生辣椒素的基因出现于DNA复制中的5次突变之后,最终的一次突变产生了可起作用的基因副本。这种令嘴巴有灼烧感的化学物质也许在几百万年前可以保护基因突变后的辣椒种子不被植食动物吃掉,从而使突变植株产生生殖优势,得以传播。

研究团队称,这一发现可能有助于育种者提高辣椒的辣度、营养和药用价值。一名研究人员甚至表示,遗传学家可以激活番茄的其中一个休眠基因,从而优化生产,并产生一种可以制作现成辣调味汁的植物。

原文摘要:

Genome sequence of the hot pepper provides insights into the evolution of pungency in Capsicumspecies

Seungill Kim, Minkyu Park, Seon-In Yeom, Yong-Min Kim, Je Min Lee, Hyun-Ah Lee,Eunyoung Seo, Jaeyoung Choi, Kyeongchae Cheong, Ki-Tae Kim, Kyongyong Jung, Gir-Won Lee, Sang-Keun Oh, Chungyun Bae, Saet-Byul Kim, Hye-Young Lee, Shin-Young Kim,Myung-Shin Kim, Byoung-Cheorl Kang, Yeong Deuk Jo, Hee-Bum Yang, Hee-Jin Jeong,Won-Hee Kang, Jin-Kyung Kwon, Chanseok Shin et al.

Hot pepper (Capsicum annuum), one of the oldest domesticated crops in the Americas, is the most widely grown spice crop in the world. We report whole-genome sequencing and assembly of the hot pepper (Mexican landrace of Capsicum annuum cv. CM334) at 186.6× coverage. We also report resequencing of two cultivated peppers and de novo sequencing of the wild species Capsicum chinense. The genome size of the hot pepper was approximately fourfold larger than that of its close relative tomato, and the genome showed an accumulation of Gypsy and Caulimoviridae family elements. Integrative genomic and transcriptomic analyses suggested that change in gene expression and neofunctionalization of capsaicin synthase have shaped capsaicinoid biosynthesis. We found differential molecular patterns of ripening regulators and ethylene synthesis in hot pepper and tomato. The reference genome will serve as a platform for improving the nutritional and medicinal values of Capsicum species.

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