浅埋滴灌下水氮减量对春玉米干物质积累及水氮利用效率的影响
2017-2018年,在内蒙古西辽河平原灌区连续2年以传统畦灌常规施氮为对照,采用大田裂区试验,以灌水量为主区,分别设传统畦灌常规灌量60%、常规灌量50%、常规灌量40%,副区为施氮水平,分别为常规施量50%、常规施量70%、常规施量,研究浅埋滴灌下水氮减量对春玉米干物质积累、产量及水氮利用效率的影响。结果表明,浅埋滴灌下各处理玉米干物质积累量随着水、氮水平的增加而增加 W3N3、W3N2、W2N3处理干物质积累量均与CK无显著差异；干物质积累率除2018年W1N1外,吐丝期各处理均低于CK,吐丝期后略高于CK。茎鞘和叶片的干物质转运量及其对籽粒贡献率均随水氮水平的增加而增加,W3N3、W3N2、W2N3处理干物质转运量均与CK无显著差异；叶片转运对籽粒的贡献率滴灌各处理均低于CK,茎鞘转运对籽粒的贡献率滴灌在低水氮水平时低于CK。植株氮积累、转运及其籽粒贡献率随水氮变化趋势与干物质积累、转运及转运贡献率随水氮变化规律基本一致。浅埋滴灌下籽粒产量以W3N3处理产量最高,与W3N2、W2N3、W2N2处理差异不显著,均显著高于其他处理和CK。灌溉水利用效率各处理均显著高于CK；氮肥偏生产力在同一滴灌定额下N1和N2水平显著高于CK,在N3水平下均与CK无显著差异,氮吸收效率W3N2处理最高,除与W3N1、W2N1处理差异不显著外,均显著高于其他处理和CK。以上分析表明,玉米浅埋滴灌具有显著的节水节氮效果,是西辽河平原及其生态相似地区适宜推广的高产高效技术。
英文摘要:
Effect of reduction of nitrogen and irrigation on dry matter accumulation, utilization efficiency of water and nitrogen and yield of spring Maize in shallow drip irrigation were studied by using the traditional border irrigation cooperated with the conventional nitrogen application as the control in irrigation areas of the West Liaohe plain of Inner Mongolia from 2017 to 2018. The experiment was adopted a split plot design, in which the irrigation level was the main treatment including 60% of conventional irrigation, 50% of conventional irrigation and 40% of conventional irrigation and the nitrogen application level was the secondary treatment including 50% of conventional nitrogen fertilization, 70% of conventional nitrogen fertilization and conventional nitrogen fertilization. The results showed that the dry matter accumulation of each treatment improved with the increase of irrigation and nitrogen level, and the dry matter accumulation of W3N3, W3N2 and W2N3 was no significant difference with CK; the dry matter accumulation rate of each treatment was lower than CK in silking stage and slightly higher than CK after silking stage except for W1N1 in 2018. The dry matter transportation rate of stem sheath and leaf and the contribution rate of dry matter translocation to grain both improved with the increase of irrigation and nitrogen level, and there was no significant difference between the dry matter transport capacity of W3N3, W3N2 and W2N3 treatments with CK; the contribution rate of leaf translocation to grain was lower than CK in drip irrigation, and the contribution rate of stem sheath translocation to grain was lower than CK at low irrigation and nitrogen level in drip irrigation. The change regulation of nitrogen accumulation, translocation and contribution rate to grain of plant with irrigation and nitrogen changing rules was basically consistent with dry matter. The grain yield of W3N3 was the highest under shallow drip irrigation and there was no significant difference with W3N2, W2N3 and W2N2, which were all significantly higher than that of other treatments and CK. Utilization efficiency of irrigation water of each treatment was significantly higher than that of CK; nitrogen partial productivity of N1 and N2 was significantly higher than that of CK while there was no significant difference with CK under the N3 level under the same drip irrigation quota; efficiency of nitrogen absorption of W3N2 was the highest, which were significantly higher than other treatments and CK, except for W3N1 and W2N1. The analysis above shows that the shallow drip irrigation of maize has obvious effect of water saving and nitrogen reducing, which is a high-yield and high-efficiency technology suitable to be popularized in West Liaohe plain and its ecological similar areas.
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