氮肥运筹对玉米氮素积累及干物质积累转运和产量的影响
为明确分次施肥和施氮量对玉米干物质积累分配、氮素积累特性和产量的影响，于2015-2016年玉米生长季进行田间氮肥运筹试验。玉米供试材料为‘郑单958’，采用二因素裂区设置，主区为施氮方式，副区为施氮量。主区设置2种施氮方式：全部氮肥基施（A1），50 %氮肥基施+50 %氮肥大喇叭口期追施（A2）；副区设置4种施氮量：68 kg?hm-2（B1），113 kg?hm-2（B2），181 kg?hm-2（B3），249 kg?hm-2（B4）；以不施氮肥为对照（CK）。通过测定不同氮肥运筹下干物质、氮素积累量的变化情况，系统分析干物质积累分配和氮素积累特性对玉米产量及产量结构的效应。结果表明：V6和V12阶段，一次性基施比分次施肥的玉米氮素及干物质积累量高，但在VT初追施氮肥后，分次施肥比一次性基施的玉米氮素及干物质积累量高，整个生育期氮素和干物质积累量，分次施肥比一次性基施的积累量高，且在施肥量为181 kg?hm-2条件下达到最大值；成熟期籽粒干物质及氮素积累量呈现同样的规律，且差异显著；玉米氮肥运筹效应显著影响籽粒产量和产量结构，且各处理之间达显著差异水平，A2B3处理下玉米产量最高为9250.12 kg?hm-2，通过施肥量与产量的模拟方程可以得到在达到理论最高产量9288.95 kg?hm-2，获得理论最高产量所施氮肥量为202.93 kg?hm-2。综合以上结果，分次施肥比一次性施肥效果显著，且A2B3处理条件下玉米的氮素积累特性和干物质积累分配均为最大值，且效应显著。说明基施90.5 kg?hm-2+追施90.5 kg?hm-2的氮肥运筹可以获得玉米较高产量，可以在玉米农业生产中作为理论参考。
英文摘要:
In order to determine the effects of fractional fertilization and nitrogen application on dry matter accumulation and distribution, nitrogen accumulation characteristics and maize yield, field nitrogen fertilizer operation experiments were carried out in 2015-2016 maize growing season. The experimental material of maize is\&\#39\; zhengdan 958 \&\#39\;, and the two-factor splitting area is adopted, the main area is the way of nitrogen application, and the secondary area is the amount of nitrogen application. In the main area, there are 2 nitrogen application methods: all nitrogen base application (A1), 50% nitrogen base application +50% nitrogen application in Large trumpet stage (A2); Four nitrogen application rates were set in the sub-area: 68 kg?hm-2 (B1), 113 kg?hm-2 (B2), 181 kg?hm-2 (B3), and 249 kg?hm-2 (B4). No nitrogen fertilizer was applied as control (CK). The effects of dry matter accumulation and nitrogen accumulation on maize yield and yield structure were systematically analyzed by measuring the changes of dry matter and nitrogen accumulation under different nitrogen fertilizer operation. Results show that the V6 and V12 stage, one-time basal score corn fertilizing nitrogen and high dry matter accumulation, However, after the initial topdressing of VT, the accumulation of nitrogen and dry matter in multiple fertilization was higher than that of the one-time basal application. The accumulation of nitrogen and dry matter in the whole growth period about multiple fertilization was higher than that in the one-time basal application, and reached the maximum under the condition of the application of 181 kg?hm-2. The accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen in the mature period showed the same pattern, and the difference was significant. The nitrogen fertilizer operation effect of maize significantly affected the grain yield and yield structure, and there was a significant difference between treatments. Under the treatment of A2B3, the maximum yield of maize was 9250.12 kg?hm-2. Through the simulation equation of fertilizer application and yield, the maximum theoretical yield was 9288.95 kg?hm-2, and the maximum theoretical yield was 202.93 kg?hm-2. Based on the above results, the effect of separate fertilization is more significant than that of one-time fertilization, and the nitrogen accumulation characteristics and dry matter accumulation distribution of maize under the treatment of A2B3 are the maximum, and the effect is significant. It is suggested that the nitrogen fertilizer operation with benq application of 90.5 kg?hm-2+ topdressing of 90.5 kg?hm-2 can obtain higher yield of maize and can be used as a theoretical reference in maize agricultural production.
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