研究了机械化条件下玉米-大豆间作的生产效益，为优化玉米-大豆间作模式提供理论基础。设置玉米单作(MM)、大豆单作(SM)、玉米大豆行比2:4间作(2/4I)和玉米大豆行比4:4间作(4/4I)四种种植模式，分析了不同种植模式的作物产量、经济效益和土壤温室气体排放特征。结果表明，与MM相比，2/4I和4/4I模式玉米平均产量分别降低了2949 kg/hm2和2253 kg/hm2，但大豆分别增收1998 kg/hm2和1419 kg/hm2；与SM相比，2/4I和4/4I模式大豆平均产量分别降低了1802 kg/hm2和2380 kg/hm2，但分别增收玉米7017 kg/hm2和7712 kg/hm2。2/4I和4/4I模式均具有间作优势，土地当量比分别为1.24和1.15。 与MM相比，2/4I和4/4I生产成本分别降低了1663 yuan/hm2和1133 yuan/hm2；与SM相比，2/4I生产成本降低了168 yuan/hm2，4/4I生产成本增加了362 yuan/hm2；与MM和SM相比，2/4I模式产值分别增加了3275 yuan/hm2和3140 yuan/hm2，经济效益分别提高了54.34%和43.60%；4/4I模式产值分别增加了2073 yuan/hm2和2818 yuan/hm2，经济效益分别提高了35.27%和25.10%。间作还降低了农田土壤CO2和N2O排放通量，与SM相比，在玉米完熟期，土壤CO2和N2O排放通量分别减少了20.84%和73.11%；与MM相比，在玉米小口期，土壤N2O排放通量降低了34.13%。综合比较两种间作模式的产量和效益，2/4I模式优势优于4/4I。
英文摘要:
The production efficiency of maize - soybean intercropping under mechanization production condition was studied to provide the theoretical basis for optimizing maize - soybean intercropping pattern. We conducted a field experiment including four planting patterns, maize monoculture (MM), soybean monoculture (SM), maize - soybean intercropped with row ratio 2:4(2/4I) and maize-soybean intercropped with row ratio 4:4 (4/4I) to explore the crop yield, economic efficiency and soil greenhouse gas emission. The results showed that, compared with MM, the yield of maize in the 2/4I and 4/4I modes decreased by 2949 kg/hm2 and 2253 kg/hm2,respectively, while the yield of soybean increased by 1998 kg/hm2 and 1419 kg/hm2, respectively. Compared with SM, the yield of soybean in the 2/4I and 4/4I decreased by 1802 kg/hm2 and 2380 kg/hm2, respectively, while the yield of maize increased by 7017 kg/hm2 and 7712 kg /hm2, respectively. Both 2/4I and 4/4I had intercropping advantages, and the land equivalent ratio was 1.24 and 1.15, respectively. Compared with MM, the cost of production in both 2/4I and 4/4I reduced by 1663 yuan/hm2 and 1133 yuan/hm2, respectively. Compared with SM, the cost of production in 2/4I reduced 168 yuan/hm2, while 4/4I increased 362 yuan/hm2. Compared with MM and SM, the output value of 2/4I increased by 3275 yuan/hm2 and 3140 yuan/hm2, respectively, and the economic benefit increased by 54.34% and 43.60%, respectively. The output value of 4/4I increased by 2073 yuan/hm2 and 2818 yuan/hm2, respectively, the economic benefit increased by 35.27% and 25.10%, respectively. With the Intercropping pattern, the emission fluxes of soil CO2 and N2O also reduced in farmland. Compared with SM, in mature stage, the emission flux of soil CO2 and N2O significantly reduced by 20.84% and 73.11%, respectively. Compared with MM, in the 9-leaf stage, the N2O emission flux significantly reduced by 34.13%. Comprehensive comparison of production efficiency and ecological efficiency in two maize - soybean intercropping pattern, the intercropping advantage of 2/4I was greater than that 4/4I.
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