黄淮南部不同玉米品种机械粒收质量评价及其穗部性状鉴定指标初步筛选
为筛选玉米适宜机械粒收的穗部性状鉴定指标,以17个玉米品种为材料,测定其收获期果穗、苞叶和籽粒穗部性状特征等指标,对不同玉米品种机械粒收质量进行评价,并以机械粒收质量为基础,采用逐步回归分析,探讨穗部性状与机械粒收质量的关系。结果表明：不同玉米品种间机械粒收质量指标差异显著,收获期籽粒平均含水率为21.05%,平均破碎率为5.83%,大于5%的国家标准,品种的杂质率和产量损失率都在国家标准范围之内。通过逐步回归分析,多项穗部性状指标显著影响机械粒收质量,穗柄长度、苞叶厚度、果穗长度、秃尖长度、秃尾长度、穗行数、苞叶层数、苞叶长度、籽粒长度、果穗体积、穗粒数、胚乳硬度、胚硬度、籽粒顶部硬度、苞叶长度/果穗长度可以作为玉米机械粒收质量的鉴定指标。黄淮南部玉米收获期籽粒含水率高和机械粒收破碎率偏高是存在的主要问题,应该选择适宜品种和推迟玉米收获期。
英文摘要:
In order to screen out the ear character of suitable mechanical grain harvest of maize, 17 maize varieties were used as experimental materials, the main ear traits, covering bract traits and grain traits of harvesting were measured, and the mechanical harvest quality of different maize varieties was evaluated. Based on the quality of mechanical harvest, the relationship between ear characters and mechanical grain quality was analyzed using stepwise regression. The results showed that there were significant difference in mechanical grain
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