本研究以黑龙江省极早熟和早熟玉米种植区域2对收获期含水量差异显著的玉米主栽品种及其亲本自交系为试材，品种分别为“德美亚2号”（含水量低）和“克玉17”（含水量高），“德美亚3号”（含水量低）和“哲单37”（含水量高），对比调查籽粒含水量动态变化、灌浆速率、生理成熟前后脱水速率等，分析与收获期籽粒含水量的关系。结果表明：德美亚2号和德美亚3号，与同熟期的克玉17和哲单37相比，收获期籽粒含水量极显著降低；生理成熟期时杂交种籽粒含水量均无显著差异，之后差距逐渐增大；灌浆速率快0.12g/d，灌浆时间均缩短3d，该差异由母本自交系所致；生理成熟后籽粒脱水速率均加快，差异在父母本自交系中同时存在；收获期籽粒含水量与生理成熟后籽粒脱水速率极显著负相关，相关系数为-0.767；与籽粒灌浆速率显著负相关，相关系数为-0.589。本结果为收获期籽粒含水量低、脱水快、适合全程机械化资源创新及品种选育提供理论依据。
英文摘要:
In this study, two pairs of hybrids and their parental inbred lines of maize which planted in early-maturing and very early-maturing in Heilongjiang were used, Demeiya 2 (low moisture content) and Keyu 17 (high moisture content), Demeiya 3 (low moisture content) and Zhedan 37 (high moisture content), which were significant difference in grain moisture content at harvest. The dynamic changes of grain moisture content, dehydration rate, and filling rate were investigated to find the relationship with the moisture content of harvest. The results showed that the grain moisture content of Demeiya 2 and Demeiya 3 were significant higher than Keyu 17 and Zhedan 37 at harvest stage respectively. The grain moisture content of maize hybrids showed no significant difference in varieties until physiological maturity stage, then the difference gradually increased. The grain filling rate of two varieties with low moisture content (Demeiya 2 and Demeiya 3) were 0.12g/d quicker than other two hybrids with high moisture content (Keyu 17 and Zhedan 37). The difference was derived from female inbred lines. Three days difference from pollination to physiological maturity were detected between hybrids with low and high grain moisture content at harvest, which were derived from the female inbred lines. The dehydration rate became quicker, which were detected in the male and female inbred lines. There were the extremely significant and significant negative correlation between the grain moisture content at harvest and the grain dehydration rate and the grain filling rate respectively. The results should be benefit for maize hybrid breeding and innovation of resource with low grain moisture content at harvest, quick dehydration and completely mechanized production.
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