陇中旱塬不同覆盖集雨种植方式对春玉米生长特性和产量的影响
玉米生长特性、产量表现和水分利用效率特征对不同覆盖种植方式的响应是大田生产长期关注热点。为了探寻陇中旱塬区春玉米理想栽培技术，本研究以春玉米‘金凯3号’为供试材料，分别于2015和2016年开展了为期两年6个不同处理大田试验，包括平地全膜覆盖（WM）、平地半膜覆盖（HM）、隔沟覆膜垄播（MRM）、全膜双垄沟播（WRF）、垄沟秸秆覆盖（SM）和露地平播（CK），测定了春玉米不同生育阶段生长特性、产量及其构成因子、水分利用效率（WUE）等指标，以及各生长指标在全生育期内的动态变化。结果表明，垄沟覆盖集雨种植方式均能显著促进春玉米生长和干物质积累，优化穗部结构，表现为较好的穗长、穗粗、行粒数和百粒重等产量构成要素。较露地平作（CK），WRF和MRM处理年均产量和WUE分别提高了171.40%、155.05%和142.80%、125.44%，尤以全膜双垄沟播种植方式增幅最显著。总之，全膜双垄沟播春玉米种植由于其良好耕作生产特性，是陇中旱塬春玉米高产、稳产的优势选择。
英文摘要:
It has been a long-term focus that the response of spring maize growth characteristics, yield performance and water use efficiency to different mulching planting patterns in field production. To detect a better cultivation techniques of spring maize in semi-arid region in Loess Plateau, the spring maize cultivars used was‘JK-3’, Six treatments experiment were conducted in 2015 and 2016, respectively, included non-contoured seedbed with film mulching (WM), non-contoured seedbed with half film mulching (HM), ridge-furrow with polyethylene film and straw mulching (MRM), ridge-furrow with full film mulching (WRF), ridge-furrow with straw mulching (SM) and non-contoured seedbed without mulching as the control (CK). We measured the growth characteristics, yield and its components and water use efficiency (WUE) of spring maize during the different growth stages, and the dynamic of each growth index during the whole growth period. The results showed that the ridge and furrow with mulching rainwater harvesting planting can significantly improve the growth of spring maize and dry matter accumulation. In addition, it can optimize the structure of the ear, with better yield components such as ear length, ear diameter, grain number and 100-grain weight. WRF and MRM treatments increased the average grain yield and WUE by 171.40%, 155.05% and 142.80%, 125.44% in compared to CK over two growing seasons respectively, especially on the basis of sole WRF treatment. Taken together, WRF was the superior choice for high and stable yield of maize in semi-arid region in Loess Plateau due to its good production characteristics.
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