不同耕作方式对辽西褐土物理性状及玉米根系分布的影响
辽西褐土区玉米种植长期采用的旋耕耕作是导致耕层变浅和玉米产量降低的重要原因之一，因此探索适于辽西地区玉米种植的耕作方法具有重要意义。本研究通过连续三年大田试验，对旋耕、翻耕、深松三种耕作方式下的土壤物理性质、玉米根系分布和产量进行测定。结果表明，与翻耕和旋耕相比，深松显著增加了玉米田土壤耕层厚度和降低了犁底层厚度。在中下层土壤，深松还降低了土壤紧实度和容重，改善了土壤的孔隙状况，有利于玉米根系向下生长，使得中下层土壤的玉米根系不仅更丰富，而且占总根系量的比例也更高，最终提高了玉米产量。本研究表明深松耕作有利于改善辽西褐土区土壤结构和促进玉米生长，为辽西地区合理耕层构建和玉米高产提供了理论依据。
英文摘要:
Rotary tillage is adopted in maize planting in western Liaoning province for a long time, which is one of the important reasons that lead to shallower top-soil and lower maize yield. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore a tillage method that is suitable for maize cultivation in western Liaoning. In this study, the soil physical properties, distribution of maize roots and maize yield were measured by field experiments under three-year continuous rotary tillage, plowing tillage and deep loosening, respectively. The results showed that, compared with plowing tillage and rotary tillage, deep loosening significantly increased the top-soil thickness and decreased the subsoil thickness. In the middle and lower layers of soil, deep loosening also reduced soil compaction and bulk density, improved soil porosity, and was conducive to the downward growth of maize roots. Thus the maize roots in the middle and lower layers of soil are not only richer, but also account for a higher proportion of the total root quantity. This study indicates that deep loosening is beneficial to improve soil structure and promote maize growth, which provides a theoretical basis for constructing reasonable top-soil and high yield of maize in cinnamon soil area in western Liaoning.
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