玉米opaque2（o2）突变体籽粒胚乳的表型以及胚乳中蛋白质、淀粉等含量发生了明显改变，营养品质得到大幅度提升。本实验室通过回交转育构建了o2突变型的近等基因系CAL58/o2，对其籽粒进行扫描电镜和透射电镜观察，发现与CAL58相比，CAL58/o2中淀粉颗粒排列松散，形状更加规则；CAL58/o2籽粒中蛋白体体积变小；分析籽粒的营养成分，发现CAL58/o2赖氨酸含量极显著提高了55.88%，氨基酸总量显著减少9.79%，粗蛋白显著减少8.86%，粗脂肪显著增加30.96%，粗淀粉显著增加5.87%；同时提取成熟籽粒醇溶蛋白进行比较，发现CAL58/o2籽粒的α、β-醇溶蛋白含量明显降低，γ-醇溶蛋白含量增加。
英文摘要:
The endosperm phenotype and the content of protein and starch were changed in the maize of opaque2(o2) mutant, its nutritional quality was greatly improved. We produced a pair of near-isogenic lines of o2 mutation which were constructed by backcrossing. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to analysis the mature and developing endosperm. It was found that starch granules were arranged more random and loosely, and the protein bodies are smaller in CAL58/o2 compared with wild genotype. After analysis of nutrients between the two lines, we found that because of o2 mutation the content of lysine significantly increased 55.88%, total amino acid decreased 9.79%, total protein decreased 8.86%, and the content of fatty and starch increased 30.96% and 5.87% respectively. We also compared the differences of zein between the two lines and found that α、β-zein were decreased, γ-zein was increased in CAL58/o2.
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