覆膜方式与施氮量对春玉米产量、干物质和 氮素积累与转运的影响
为探明贵州春玉米适宜的覆膜方式及施氮量，采用裂区设计，连续两年在贵州威宁进行了不同覆膜方式（宽膜、窄膜覆盖）与施氮量（0 kg/hm2、80 kg/hm2、160 kg/hm2、240 kg/hm2、320 kg/hm2）对春玉米产量及地上部干物质和氮素积累、转运特性的影响研究。结果表明，不同覆膜方式与施氮量间春玉米产量差异极显著，宽膜覆盖比窄膜覆盖产量提高15.61%。宽膜覆盖显著增加了春玉米地上部干物质积累量、转运量和转运率，提高了干物质转运对籽粒物质积累的贡献率，显著增加了春玉米氮素积累量。在宽膜覆盖条件下，施氮量为240kg/hm2时，春玉米产量最高，营养器官干物质和氮素转运量最高。宽膜覆盖提高了玉米产量，促进了春玉米干物质、氮素积累与分配，本试验条件下适宜施氮量为240kg/hm2。
英文摘要:
Abstract: To explore the optimized plastic film mulching mode and nitrogen (N) application rate of spring maize production in Guizhou province, field experiments were conducted at Weining county in 2017 and 2018. The experimental design was a split-plot arrangement with three replications, the main plot had different plastic film mulching modes (wide film mulching mode and narrow film mulching mode), the subplot had different N application rates (0 kg/hm2, 80 kg/hm2, 160 kg/hm2, 240 kg/hm2 and 320 kg/hm2). The yield and dry matter and N accumulation and translocation of spring maize were determined. The results showed that both the film mulching modes and the N application rates affected the yield significantly. The wide film mulching mode achieved 15.61% higher yield than narrow film mulching mode due to the former mode increased aboveground dry matter accumulation, dry matter translocation amount, dry matter translocation percentage, contribution percentage of dry matter translocation to grain yield and N accumulation significantly. The highest yield was achieved at an N application rate of 240 kg/hm2 under wide plastic film mulching mode due to both the highest dry matter translocation amount and the highest N translocation amount.
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