二氧化碳的捕获与储存(CO2 capture and storage,CCS)是全球CO2减排最重要技术战略,但CCS相关项目存在CO2泄漏的风险,会对周边环境(尤其是对周围农田生态系统)产生重要影响。深入认识植物对高浓度CO2的响应,筛选对高浓度CO2 的耐受作物,为CCS项目区农业生产决策提供参考数据。本文设置玉米对不同CO2浓度的响应情形,选择株高、湿重、干重、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度作为玉米耐受的观测指标。结果表明：当CO2浓度为10 000和20 000μmol.mol-1时对玉米生长有促进作用,玉米株高增高7%-12%,生物量增加10%-15%,净光合速率增加高达60%左右；当CO2浓度为40 000和80 000μmol.mol-1时会抑制玉米生长,使玉米株高度减少9%-12%,生物量减少10%-17%,净光合速率减少35%-45%左右。一定程度CO2浓度的增加,对玉米生长发育具有“施肥”效应,但在更高CO2浓度下,会抑制玉米的生长发育,但玉米并未观察到死亡现象。通过CO2耐受指数法(LCTI)得出玉米可以作为地质封存CO2的耐受植物,可在CCS项目区域周围农田推广种植。
英文摘要:
CCS(CO2 capture and storage)is considered as the most promising and potential technology for global CO2 emission reduction.However,its related projects will involve the risk of CO2 leakage,which will have an important impact on the surroundings,especially for the surrounding farmland ecosystem.So deep researching of the response of plants to high CO2 concentrations and selecting resistant plants are very urgent.It provides the reference data for agricultural production decisions in CCS project areas.In this paper, the plant height, wet biomass, dry biomass, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration are selected as indicators of maize resistant index for different CO2 concentrations.The results indicated that when the CO2 concentration is 10000 and 20000 μmol.mol-1, the growth of maize is promoted, resulting inSplant height increased 7%-12%, biomass increased 10%-15% and net photosynthetic rate increased about 60%;while the CO2 concentration is increased to 40000 and 80000 μmol.mol-1, the growth of maize is inhibited,leading to a reduction of 9%-12% plant height, 10%-17% biomass and 35%-45% net photosynthetic rate.The increase of CO2 concentration within a certain range has a "fertilization" effect on the growth of maize, but at a higher CO2 concentration, the growth of maize will be inhibited.However, no death phenomenon has been observed in maize.Furthermore,through CO2 tolerance index method (LCTI), it is concluded that maize can be used as a CO2 tolerant plant for CO2 leakage from geological storage and can be popularized and planted in farmland in CCS project area.
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