基于SSR标记的玉米循环群体选系材料的遗传基础分析
摘要：种质扩增、改良与创新是玉米商业化育种的基础，应用循环育种策略开展玉米种质改良创新是建立商业化育种的重要手段。本研究利用SSR分子标记技术对53份玉米循环群体选系材料和测验种进行分析，结果表明，39个SSR标记在62份材料、铁7922改良系和吉13S228改良系中分别共检测出162个、83个、140个等位基因变异，平均4.05个、2.13个、3.51个；位点多态性信息指数（PIC）平均分别为0.45、0.26、0.37；基因多样性指数平均分别为0.51、0.31、0.42；吉13S228改良系的遗传多样性高于铁7922改良系。遗传距离变幅在0.11-1.87 之间，平均0.76；吉13S228改良系群体与吉13S228间的遗传距离最小（0.09），铁7922改良系群体与铁7922间的遗传距离亦较近（0.16），揭示改良系的遗传背景以改良受体为主。按照UPGMA聚类法、主成分分析和模型聚类方法，划分为两大类群：SS群（铁7922及其循环选系材料、B73、PH6WC、掖478）和NSS群（吉13S228及其循环选系材料和标准测验种MO17、丹340、黄早四、PHB1M），符合玉米商业育种的两个杂种优势群的思路。今后，要坚持循环育种策略持之以恒的开展玉米种质遗传改良。
英文摘要:
Germplasm amplification, improvement and innovation are the basis of commercial breeding of corn. The application of recycling breeding strategy to carry out maize germplasm improvement and innovation is an important means to establish commercial breeding.The results showed that a total of 162, 83, and 140 allelic variations were detected in 39 SSR markers in 62 materials,Tie7922 modified lines, and Ji13S228 modified lines, with an average of 4.05, 2.13, and 3.51. The point polymorphism information index (PIC) averaged 0.45, 0.26, and 0.37, respectively; the gene diversity index averaged 0.51, 0.31, and 0.42; the genetic diversity of the improved 13S228 improved line was higher than that of the iron 7922 improved line.The genetic distance ranged from 0.11-1.87, with an average of 0.76; the genetic distance between the 13S228 modified line group and Ji 13S228 was the smallest (0.09), and the genetic distance between the iron 7922 modified line group and the iron 7922 was also close (0.16).According to the UPGMA method, principal component analysis and model clustering, 62 inbred lines were divided into two major groups:SS group (Tie7922and its cyclic selection material、B73、PH6WC andYe478), NSSgroup(Ji13S228 and Ji13S228 improved line、MO17、Dan340、Huang zaosi and PHB1M).NSS group (Ji 13S228 and its cycle selection materials and standard test species MO17, Dan 340, Huang Zao4, PHB1M).In line with the idea of two heterotic groups of commercial breeding of corn. In the future, we must adhere to the cycle breeding strategy to consistently carry out genetic improvement of maize germplasm.
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