吉林半干旱区基于覆膜滴灌条件下春玉米钾肥适宜用量研究
针对吉林省半干旱区覆膜滴灌条件下玉米生产中钾肥施用不合理导致的肥料利用效率低与资源浪费问题，通过连续2年(2014-2015年)田间试验，系统研究了覆膜滴灌条件下不同钾肥用量(0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 kg/hm2)对玉米产量、钾素吸收利用的影响，以期为覆膜滴灌条件下钾肥管理提供科学依据。结果表明，(1)施钾可显著提高玉米产量，增产的主要原因是施钾增加了玉米穗粒数和百粒重。玉米产量随施钾量的增加先增后降，通过玉米产量(y)和施钾量(x)二次曲线拟合，得出最佳施钾量范围分别为92.8—102.6 kg/hm2(2014年)和95.0—105.0 kg/hm2(2015年)。(2)与不施钾肥处理相比，施钾显著提高了玉米拔节期至成熟期钾积累量，其中灌浆期和成熟期钾积累量以K90处理最高；同时施钾提高了吐丝期至成熟期钾素分配比例，提高幅度分别为12.4%—28.4%(2014年)和2.7%—26.8% (2015年)。(3)与不同钾肥处理相比，施钾显著提高了玉米钾素转运量、转运率及籽粒吸钾量，并随施钾量的增加先增后降，均以K90处理最高。(4)钾素回收利用率和钾素偏生产力随施钾量的增加呈下降趋势，钾素农学利用率则表现为随施钾量的增加先增后降，以K60处理最高。因此，综合考虑不同施钾量条件下玉米产量、钾素吸收利用等变化规律，在吉林省半干旱区覆膜滴灌条件下，适宜的钾肥用量应控制在90-105kg/hm2之间。
英文摘要:
To perform the problem of lower fertilizer utilization efficiency and waste resources caused by unreasonable potassium fertilizer application in maize production and provide scientific basis on potassium fertilizer management under mulched drip irrigation in semi-arid region of Jilin province., two-year (2014—2015) field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different potassium application amounts (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 kg/hm2) on maize yield, potassium absorption and utilization under mulched drip irrigation. The results indicated that, (1) potassium application increased maize yield significantly through increased the grains of per spike and 100-kernel weight. Maize yield increased firstly and then decreased with the increment of potassium application. The optimum amount of potassium fertilizer application was at the range of 92.8—102.6 kg/hm2?? (2014) and 95.0-105.0 kg/hm2 (2015), respectively, according to maize yield (y) and potassium fertilizer application (x) fitting, (2) Compared with no potassium application treatment, potassium accumulation amount was increased significantly from jointing stage to maturing stage by applying potassium fertilizer, and it arrived at the highest value under K90 treatment from filling stage to maturing stage. Meantime, the potassium distribution proportion was increased by 12.4%—28.4% (2014) and 2.7%—26.8% (2015) from silking stage to maturing stage by applying potassium fertilizer. (3) Compared with different potassium application treatments, potassium translocation amount, translocation rate and potassium uptake amount of grains were increased significantly by applying potassium fertilizer, and increased firstly and then decreased with the increment of potassium application. The highest values of them were all under K90 treatment. (4) The potassium recovery efficiency and partial productivity decreased and potassium agronomic efficiency increased firstly and then decreased with the increment of potassium application, and the highest values of them were all under K60 treatment. Therefore, the optimum amount of potassium fertilizer application should be controlled at 90-105kg/hm2 under mulched drip irrigation in semi-arid region of Jilin province, according to maize yield, potassium absorption and utilization and other factors under different potassium application amount.
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