黑龙江省西部半干旱区土壤常年风沙侵蚀，土壤质量恶化，轮作和深翻秸秆还田成为当地提高耕地质量，保护土壤生态的主要种植模式。本研究将大豆玉米轮作和玉米深翻秸秆还田两种种植模式与玉米连作处理对比，研究分析土壤理化性质，玉米生长发育指标及产量，评价耕作技术效果。结果表明轮作能够显著增加土壤速效氮和速效钾含量，有机质含量，能够显著降低土壤容重10%左右，提高土壤孔隙度8%，对土壤物理结构改善具有良好的作用。深翻秸秆还田能够显著增加土壤有机质26~32%，增加土壤速效钾含量，并且能够显著降低土壤PH值0.4~1.2个单位，能够提升西部半干旱区地力，改善西部土壤盐碱化。深翻秸秆还田更有利于玉米拔节和抽丝期根长生长，有利于茎粗和穗干重的形成，对玉米产量具有显著的增产作用。
英文摘要:
In the semi-arid region of western heilongjiang province, the soil quality has deteriorated due to perennial sand erosion. Crop rotation and deep tillage have become the main planting modes to improve the quality of local cultivated land and protect soil ecology. In this study, soybean and corn rotation and corn deep-turning straw mulching were compared with corn continuous cropping to study and analyze soil physical and chemical properties, growth and development indexes and yield of corn, and evaluate the effect of tillage technology. The results showed that rotation could significantly increase the contents of available nitrogen, available potassium and available organic matter in soil, significantly reduce the bulk density of soil by 10% and increase the porosity by 8%, which had a good effect on the improvement of soil physical structure. Deep straw mulching can significantly increase soil organic matter by 26~32%, increase soil available potassium content, and significantly reduce soil PH value by 0.4~1.2 units, which can improve soil fertility and salinization in western semi-arid areas. Deep turning straw mulching was more beneficial to the root growth at jointing and silking stage, the formation of stem diameter and ear dry weight, and the yield of maize increased significantly.
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