不同施钙水平对松嫩平原西部玉米干物质积累、产量及品质的影响
以“先玉335”为供试玉米品种，在大田条件下分别设置0 kg/hm2（CK）、50 kg/hm2（C1）、100 kg/hm2（C2）、150 kg/hm2（C3）和200 kg/hm2（C4）5个不同的钙肥（以Ca计）施用水平处理，探讨了不同施钙水平对玉米干物质积累与转运、籽粒产量和商品品质以及矿质元素含量的影响。结果表明：C2～C3处理可显著提高玉米植株干物质积累量、花前营养体干物质转运量和花后同化物输入籽粒量，2016和2017年籽粒产量分别较CK处理显著提高了12.48%～17.15%和8.76%～11.58%，产量增加主要得益于单位面积有效穗数、百粒重的明显提高。同时，C2～C4处理下籽粒粗淀粉含量增加了11.6～13.5 g/kg（2016年）、7.0～12.5 g/kg（2017年），C2～C3处理下籽粒容重提升了7.7～19.0 g/L（2016年）、28.4～35.7 g/L（2017年）。此外，籽粒钾含量则在C2～C3处理下得以显著提升0.43～0.63 g/kg（2016年）、0.32～0.83 g/kg（2017年），而锌含量仅在C3处理下增加明显。综上所述，施钙量为100～150 kg/hm2时，可有效提升松嫩平原西部石灰性土壤玉米的产量和品质。
英文摘要:
In this study, maize variety ‘Xianyu 335’ was used as experimental material. 0 kg/ha (CK), 50 kg/ha (C1), 100 kg/ha (C2), 150 kg/ha (C3) and 200 (C4) kg/ha of calcium fertilizer (calculated as Ca) application levels were set under field conditions, and the effects of different calcium fertilizer application levels on dry matter accumulation and translocation, grain yield, product quality, and mineral element content of maize were investigated. The results showed that dry matter accumulation for whole plants, dry matter translocation and post-anthesis dry matter accumulation were significantly increased under C2-C3 treatments. Compared with CK treatment, grain yield under calcium fertilizer treatments in 2016 and 2017 were obviously increased by 12.48%-17.15% and 8.76%-11.58%, the increase of yield was mainly due to a dramatic improvement of the number of productive ears in per unit area and the 100-grains weight. Meanwhile, grain crude starch contents under C2-C4 treatments were increased by 11.6-13.5 g/kg in 2016 and 7.0-12.5 g/kg in 2017, grain test weight under C2-C3 treatments were raised by 7.7-19.0 g/L in 2016 and 28.4-35.7 g/L in 2017, respectively, compared with CK treatment, and all the differences were significant. Furthermore, grain potassium contents under C2-C3 treatments were significantly increased, the increased amount of which in 2016 and 2017 were 0.43-0.63 g/kg and 0.32-0.83 g/kg, and only with C3 treatment, grain zinc contents was significantly higher than CK treatment. In summary, grain yield and quality of maize under calcareous soil conditions in the western Songnen Plain could be effectively improved when the calcium application levels are 100-150 kg/ha.
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