研究寒地农业界限温度≥10℃积温利用效率潜力可反映热量对玉米产量的贡献,对区域作物布局具有重要意义。利用黑龙江省80个气象站1961—2017年逐日气象资料及玉米生育期和产量资料,运用小波分析等统计方法,分析了寒地玉米生产农业界限温度≥10℃积温利用效率潜力时空演变特征及与实际热量利用率差异。结果显示：1961—2017年玉米生长期内农业界限温度≥10℃积温利用效率潜力总体呈现微弱减少态势,振幅为5.87～7.65 kg.hm-2.℃-1,且依次存在29年、10年、6年周期变化,1961—1986年为上升阶段,1987—2017年下降阶段；玉米生产农业界限温度≥10℃积温利用效率潜力低值中心位于伊春附近为闭合区域,高值区域不闭合,大致位置靠近齐齐哈尔—绥化—哈尔滨一线,向西南部递减幅度较大；玉米生产农业界限温度≥10℃积温利用效率潜力,齐齐哈尔及绥化、大庆和哈尔滨北部地区挖掘潜力较大,在5.0～6.0 kg.hm-2.℃-1之间,大、小兴安岭偏北地区及牡丹江偏南地区挖掘潜力不足3.0 kg.hm-2.℃-1。不同的玉米种植区域,可采取熟型适合品种、地膜覆盖和移栽种植方式及施肥促早熟措施提高玉米生长期内农业界限温度≥10℃积温利用效率潜力。
英文摘要:
To understand the potential utilization efficiency of accumulated temperature(≥10℃) can reflect the contribution of heat and its effects on maize yield in Heilongjiang over 56 years. It has great significance for local crop layout. Based on the daily meteorological data, maize growth period and yield data of 80 meteorological stations in Heilongjiang from 1961 to 2017, used the methods of Morlet wavelet, the spatial-temporal variation characteristics of potential utilization efficiency of accumulated temperature(≥10℃) of maize in cold regions and its difference from actual heat utilization efficiency were analyzed. The results showed that the potential utilization efficiency of accumulated temperature(≥10℃) in maize growth season from 1961 to 2017 showed a slight downtrend with the amplitude of 5.87～7.65 kg.hm-2.℃-1. There were 3 periodic changes scales in the utilization efficiency potential of accumulated temperature(≥10℃) in maize, which were 29 years, 10 years and 6 years, the time of 1961-1986 was the rising stage, and the time of 1987-2017 was the opposite. The spatial distribution of
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